The ways that redox enzymes communicate with an electrochemical electrode are poorly understood and
most systems rely on small molecule mediators as electron shuttles to complete the circuit. The few
examples where direct (unmediated) enzyme electrochemistry has been achieved have relied on empirical
experimental approaches in electrode modification. In this proposal a rational approach will be taken starting
with a mediated enzyme electrochemical system which is then systematically deconstructed to produce a
minimal enzyme-electrode that is stabilised by non-covalent forces and functions without a mediator. This
rational approach will provide new routes to the direct enzyme electrochemistry of other enzyme systems as
yet unexplored.