The University of Queensland

Flavivirus replication and assembly

Roby, Justin A., Funk, Anneke and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2012). Flavivirus replication and assembly. In Pei-Yong Shi (Ed.), Molecular virology and control of flaviviruses (pp. 21-49) Norfolk, United Kingdom: Caister Academic Press.

Nucleic acid-based infectious and pseudoinfectious flavivirus vaccines

Roby, Justin A., Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2011). Nucleic acid-based infectious and pseudoinfectious flavivirus vaccines. In Philip R. Dormitzer, Christian W. Mandl and Rino Rappuoli (Ed.), Replicating vaccines : A new generation (pp. 299-320) Basel, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0277-8_13

Vaccine development against West Nile Virus

Khromykh, Alexander A., Chang, David C. and Hall, Roy A. (2009). Vaccine development against West Nile Virus. In Diamond, Michael S. (Ed.), West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Pathogenesis and the Host Immune Response 1st ed. (pp. 427-451) New York: Springer Science + Business Media.

Kunjin RNA replication and applications of Kunjin replicons

Westaway, E. G., Mackenzie, J. M. and Khromykh, A. A. (2003). Kunjin RNA replication and applications of Kunjin replicons. In Thomas J. Chambers, Thomas P. Monath, Karl Maramorosch, Aaron J. Shatkin and Frederick A. Murphy (Ed.), The Flaviviruses: Structure, replication and evolution (pp. 100-140) San Diego: Academic Press Inc. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(03)59004-2

Replication and gene function in Kunjin virus

Westaway, E. G., Mackenzie, J. M. and Khromykh, A. A. (2002). Replication and gene function in Kunjin virus. In J. S. Mackenzie, A. D. T. Barrett and V. Deubel (Ed.), Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses (pp. 323-352) Berlin: Springer.

A vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both Zika and chikungunya viruses

Prow, Natalie A, Liu, Liang, Nakayama, Eri, Cooper, Tamara H, Yan, Kexin, Eldi, Preethi, Hazlewood, Jessamine E, Tang, Bing, Le, Thuy T, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Khromykh, Alexander A, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Diener, Kerrilyn R, Howley, Paul M, Hayball, John D and Suhrbier, Andreas (2018) A vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both Zika and chikungunya viruses. Nature Communications, 9 1: . doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03662-6

Helicase Domain of West Nile Virus NS3 Protein Plays a Role in Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signalling

Setoh, Yin Xiang, Periasamy, Parthiban, Peng, Nias Yong Gao, Amarilla, Alberto A, Slonchak, Andrii and Khromykh, Alexander A (2017) Helicase Domain of West Nile Virus NS3 Protein Plays a Role in Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signalling. Viruses, 9 11: 1-13. doi:10.3390/v9110326

Characterization of recombinant Flaviviridae viruses possessing a small reporter-tag

Tamura, Tomokazu, Fukuhara, Takasuke, Uchida, Takuro, Ono, Chikako, Mori, Hiroyuki, Sato, Asuka, Fauzyah, Yuzy, Okamoto, Toru, Kurosu, Takeshi, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Imamura, Michio, Tautz, Norbert, Sakoda, Yoshihiro, Khromykh, Alexander A., Chayama, Kazuaki and Matsuura, Yoshiharu (2017) Characterization of recombinant Flaviviridae viruses possessing a small reporter-tag. Journal of Virology, 92 2: 1-19. doi:10.1128/JVI.01582-17

Differential Diagnosis of Flavivirus Infections in Horses Using Viral Envelope Protein Domain III Antigens in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Piyasena, Thisun B. H., Setoh, Yin X., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Prow, Natalie A., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Khromykh, Alexander A., Perera, David, Cardosa, Mary J., Kirkland, Peter D. and Hall, Roy A. (2017) Differential Diagnosis of Flavivirus Infections in Horses Using Viral Envelope Protein Domain III Antigens in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 17 12: 825-835. doi:10.1089/vbz.2017.2172

Full genome sequence of Rocio virus reveal substantial variations from the prototype Rocio virus SPH 34675 sequence

Setoh, Yin Xiang, Amarilla, Alberto A., Peng, Nias Y., Slonchak, Andrii, Periasamy, Parthiban, Figueiredo, Luiz T. M., Aquino, Victor H. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2017) Full genome sequence of Rocio virus reveal substantial variations from the prototype Rocio virus SPH 34675 sequence. Archives of Virology, 163 1: . doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3561-4

Cell fusing agent virus and dengue virus mutually interact in Aedes aegypti cell lines

Zhang, Guangmei, Asad, Sultan, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Asgari, Sassan (2017) Cell fusing agent virus and dengue virus mutually interact in Aedes aegypti cell lines. Scientific Reports, 7 1: 6935.1-6935.8. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07279-5

Infectious DNAs derived from insect-specific flavivirus genomes enable identification of pre- and post-entry host restrictions in vertebrate cells

Piyasena, Thisun B. H. , Setoh, Yin X., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Newton, Natalee D. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, McLean, Breeanna J. , Vet, Laura J. , Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2017) Infectious DNAs derived from insect-specific flavivirus genomes enable identification of pre- and post-entry host restrictions in vertebrate cells. Scientific Reports, 7 1: 2940.1-2940.11. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03120-1

De novo generation and characterization of new Zika virus isolate using sequence data from a microcephaly case

Setoh, Yin Xiang, Prow, Natalie A., Peng, Nias, Hugo, Leon E., Devine, Gregor, Hazlewood, Jessamine E., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2017) De novo generation and characterization of new Zika virus isolate using sequence data from a microcephaly case. mSphere, 2 3: 1-11. doi:10.1128/mSphereDirect.00190-17

Chimeric viruses between Rocio and West Nile: the role for Rocio prM-E proteins in virulence and inhibition of interferon-α/β signaling

Amarilla, Alberto A., Setoh, Yin X., Periasamy, Parthiban, Peng, Nias Y., Pali, Gabor , Figueiredo, Luiz T., Khromykh, Alexander and Aquino, Victor H. (2017) Chimeric viruses between Rocio and West Nile: the role for Rocio prM-E proteins in virulence and inhibition of interferon-α/β signaling. Scientific Reports, 7 44642.1-44642.8. doi:10.1038/srep44642

Genetic characterization of Cacipacoré virus from ticks collected in São Paulo State, Brazil

de Figueiredo, Glauciane Garcia, Amarilla, Alberto Anastacio, de Souza, William Marciel, Fumagalli, Marcılio Jorge, de Figueiredo, Mario Luis, Szabó, Matias Pablo Juan, Badra, Soraya Jabur, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Khromykh, Alexander A., Aquino, Victor Hugo and Figueiredo, Luiz Tadeu Moraes (2017) Genetic characterization of Cacipacoré virus from ticks collected in São Paulo State, Brazil. Archives of Virology, 1-4. doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3279-3

Successful post-exposure prophylaxis of Ebola infected non-human primates using Ebola glycoprotein-specific equine IgG

Pyankov, Oleg V., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Bodnev, Sergey A., Edmonds, Judith H., Pyankova, Olga G., Pyankov, Stepan A., Pali, Gabor, Belford, Shane, Lu, Louis, La, Mylinh, Lovrecz, George, Volchkova, Valentina A., Chappell, Keith J., Watterson, Daniel, Marsh, Glenn, Young, Paul R., Agafonov, Alexander A., Farmer, Jillann F., Volchkov, Victor E., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2017) Successful post-exposure prophylaxis of Ebola infected non-human primates using Ebola glycoprotein-specific equine IgG. Scientific Reports, 7 . doi:10.1038/srep41537

The in vitro and in vivo antiviral properties of combined monoterpene alcohols against West Nile virus infection

Pliego Zamora, Adriana, Edmonds, Judith H., Reynolds, Maxwell J., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Ralph, Stephen J. (2016) The in vitro and in vivo antiviral properties of combined monoterpene alcohols against West Nile virus infection. Virology, 495 18-32. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.021

Virulence and evolution of West Nile Virus, Australia, 1960-2012

Prow, Natalie A., Edmonds, Judith H., Williams, David T., Setoh, Yin X., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Suen, Willy W., Hobson-Peters, Jody, van den Hurk, Andrew F., Pyke, Alyssa T., Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Northill, Judith A., Johansen, Cheryl A., Warrilow, David, Wang, Jianning, Kirkland, Peter D., Doggett, Stephen, Andrade, Christy C., Brault, Aaron C., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2016) Virulence and evolution of West Nile Virus, Australia, 1960-2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22 8: 1353-1362. doi:10.3201/eid2208.151719

Human miRNA miR-532-5p exhibits antiviral activity against West Nile virus via suppression of host genes SESTD1 and TAB3 required for virus replication

Slonchak, Andrii, Shannon, Rory P, Pali, Gabor and Khromykh, Alexander A (2016) Human miRNA miR-532-5p exhibits antiviral activity against West Nile virus via suppression of host genes SESTD1 and TAB3 required for virus replication. Journal of Virology, 90 5: 2388-2402. doi:10.1128/JVI.02608-15

Functional non-coding RNAs derived from the flavivirus 3' untranslated region

Clarke, B. D., Roby, J. A., Slonchak, A. and Khromykh, A. A. (2015) Functional non-coding RNAs derived from the flavivirus 3' untranslated region. Virus Research, 206 53-61. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.026

The I22V and L72S substitutions in West Nile virus prM protein promote enhanced prM/E heterodimerisation and nucleocapsid incorporation

Setoh, Yin Xiang, Tan, Cindy Si En, Prow, Natalie A., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Young, Paul R., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2015) The I22V and L72S substitutions in West Nile virus prM protein promote enhanced prM/E heterodimerisation and nucleocapsid incorporation. Virology Journal, 12 1: 72.1-72.5. doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0303-7

Last 20 aa of the West Nile virus NS1' protein are responsible for its retention in cells and the formation of unique heat-stable dimers.

Young, Lucy B., Melian, Ezequiel Balmori, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Young, Paul R. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2015) Last 20 aa of the West Nile virus NS1' protein are responsible for its retention in cells and the formation of unique heat-stable dimers.. Journal of General Virology, 96 5: 1042-1054. doi:10.1099/vir.0.000053

Viral RNA intermediates as targets for detection and discovery of novel and emerging mosquito-borne viruses

O'Brien, Caitlin A., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Yam, Alice Wei Yee, Colmant, Agathe M. G., McLean, Breeanna J., Prow, Natalie A., Watterson, Daniel, Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Warrilow, David, Ng, Mah-Lee, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2015) Viral RNA intermediates as targets for detection and discovery of novel and emerging mosquito-borne viruses. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9 3: 1-27. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003629

A Kunjin replicon virus-like particle vaccine provides protection against ebola virus infection in nonhuman primates

Pyankov, Oleg V., Bodnev, Sergey A., Pyankova, Olga G., Solodkyi, Vladislav V., Pyankov, Stepan A., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Volchkova, Valentina A., Suhrbier, Andreas, Volchkov, Viktor V., Agafonov, Alexander A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2015) A Kunjin replicon virus-like particle vaccine provides protection against ebola virus infection in nonhuman primates. Journal of Infectious Diseases, Supp.: S1-S4. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv019

Comparison of attenuated and virulent West Nile virus strains in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells as a model of initial human infection

Rawle, Daniel J., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Edmonds, Judith H. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2015) Comparison of attenuated and virulent West Nile virus strains in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells as a model of initial human infection. Virology Journal, 12 1: 46.1-46.5. doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0279-3

Post-translational regulation and modifications of flavivirus structural proteins

Roby, Justin A., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2015) Post-translational regulation and modifications of flavivirus structural proteins. Journal of General Virology, 96 7: 1551-1569. doi:10.1099/vir.0.000097

Systematic analysis of viral genes responsible for differential virulence between American and Australian West Nile virus strains

Setoh, Yin Xiang, Prow, Natalie A., Rawle, Daniel J., Tan, Cindy Si En, Edmonds, Judith H., Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2015) Systematic analysis of viral genes responsible for differential virulence between American and Australian West Nile virus strains. Journal of General Virology, 96 1297-1308. doi:10.1099/vir.0.000069

Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection

Poo, Yee Suan, Rudd, Penny A., Gardner, Joy, Wilson, Jane A. C., Larcher, Thibaut, Colle, Marie-Anne, Le, Thuy T., Nakaya, Helder I., Warrilow, David, Allcock, Richard, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Schroder, Wayne A., Khromykh, Alexander A., Lopez, Jose A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2014) Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8 12: 1-15. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003354

Programmed ribosomal frameshift alters expression of West Nile virus genes and facilitates virus replication in birds and mosquitoes

Melian, Ezequiel Balmori, Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Du, Fangyao, Owens, Nick, Bosco-Lauth, Angela M., Nagasaki, Tomoko, Rudd, Stephen, Brault, Aaron C., Bowen, Richard A., Hall, Roy A., van den Hurk, Andrew F. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2014) Programmed ribosomal frameshift alters expression of West Nile virus genes and facilitates virus replication in birds and mosquitoes. PLoS Pathogens, 10 11: e1004447.1-e1004447.18. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004447

The increased expression of capsid protein in trans enhances production of single-round infectious particles by West Nile virus DNA vaccine candidate

Roby, Justin A., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Prow, Natalie A., Chang, David C., Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2014) The increased expression of capsid protein in trans enhances production of single-round infectious particles by West Nile virus DNA vaccine candidate. Journal of General Virology, 95 10: 2176-2191. doi:10.1099/vir.0.064121-0

Expression of mosquito microRNA aae-miR-2940-5p is down-regulated in response to West Nile Virus infection to restrict viral replication

Slonchak, Andrii, Hussain, Mazhar, Torres Morales, Shessy, Asgari, Sassan and Khromykh, Alexander (2014) Expression of mosquito microRNA aae-miR-2940-5p is down-regulated in response to West Nile Virus infection to restrict viral replication. Journal of Virology, 88 15: 8457-8467. doi:10.1128/JVI.00317-14

Wolbachia infection modifies the profile, shuttling and structure of MicroRNAs in a mosquito cell line

Mayoral, Jamie G., Etebari, Kayvan, Hussain, Mazhar, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Asgari, Sassan (2014) Wolbachia infection modifies the profile, shuttling and structure of MicroRNAs in a mosquito cell line. PLoS One, 9 4: . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096107

Loop de loop: viral RNA evades IFIT1 targeting

Roby, Justin A., Clarke, Brian D. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2014) Loop de loop: viral RNA evades IFIT1 targeting. Trends In Microbiology, 22 4: 171-173. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2014.02.014

Internal ribosome entry site-based attenuation of a flavivirus candidate vaccine and evaluation of the effect of beta interferon coexpression on vaccine properties

Frese, Michael, Lee, Eva, Larena, Maximilian, Lim, Pek Siew, Rao, Sudha, Matthaei, Klaus I., Khromykh, Alexander, Ramshaw, Ian and Lobigs, Mario (2014) Internal ribosome entry site-based attenuation of a flavivirus candidate vaccine and evaluation of the effect of beta interferon coexpression on vaccine properties. Journal of Virology, 88 4: 2056-2070. doi:10.1128/JVI.03051-13

Noncoding subgenomic flavivirus RNA: multiple functions in West Nile Virus pathogenesis and modulation of host responses

Roby, Justin A., Pijlman, Gorben P., Wilusz, Jeffrey and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2014) Noncoding subgenomic flavivirus RNA: multiple functions in West Nile Virus pathogenesis and modulation of host responses. Viruses, 6 2: 404-427. doi:10.3390/v6020404

The West Nile virus assembly process evades the conserved antiviral mechanism of the interferon-induced MxA protein

Hoenen, Antje, Gillespie, Leah, Morgan, Garry, van der Heide, Peter, Khromykh, Alexander and Mackenzie, Jason (2014) The West Nile virus assembly process evades the conserved antiviral mechanism of the interferon-induced MxA protein. Virology, 448 104-116. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.005

West Nile virus genome with glycosylated envelope protein and deletion of alpha helixes 1, 2 and 4 in the capsid gene is non-infectious and efficiently secretes sub-viral particles

Roby, Justin A., Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2013) West Nile virus genome with glycosylated envelope protein and deletion of alpha helixes 1, 2 and 4 in the capsid gene is non-infectious and efficiently secretes sub-viral particles. Journal of Virology, 87 23: 13063-13069. doi:10.1128/JVI.01552-13

An interaction between the methyltransferase and RNA dependent RNA polymerase domains of the West Nile virus NS5 protein

Tan, Cindy S. E., Hobson-Peters, Jody M., Stoermer, Martin J., Fairlie, David P., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2013) An interaction between the methyltransferase and RNA dependent RNA polymerase domains of the West Nile virus NS5 protein. Journal of General Virology, 94 Pt. 9: 1961-1971. doi:10.1099/vir.0.054395-0

NS1' colocalizes with NS1 and can substitute for NS1 in West Nile virus replication

Young, Lucy B., Melian, Ezequiel Balmori and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2013) NS1' colocalizes with NS1 and can substitute for NS1 in West Nile virus replication. Journal of Virology, 87 16: 9384-9390. doi:10.1128/JVI.01101-13

A novel bacteria-free method for generation of flavivirus infectious DNA by circular polymerase extension reaction allows accurate recapitulation of viral heterogeneity

Edmonds, Judith, van Grinsven, Erinke, Prow, Natalie, Bosco-Lauth, Angela, Brault, Aaron C., Bowen, Richard A., Hall, Roy and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2013) A novel bacteria-free method for generation of flavivirus infectious DNA by circular polymerase extension reaction allows accurate recapitulation of viral heterogeneity. Journal of Virology, 87 4: 2367-2372. doi:10.1128/JVI.03162-12

West Nile virus NS2A protein facilitates virus-induced apoptosis independently of interferon response

Melian, Ezequiel Balmori, Edmonds, Judith H., Nagasaki, Tomoko Kim, Hinzman, Edward, Floden, Nadia and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2013) West Nile virus NS2A protein facilitates virus-induced apoptosis independently of interferon response. Journal of General Virology, 94 Part 2: 308-313. doi:10.1099/vir.0.047076-0

Effect of Wolbachia on replication of West Nile Virus in mosquito cell line and adult mosquitoes

Hussain, Mazhar, Lu, Guangjin, Torres, Shessy, Edmonds, Judith H., Kay, Brian H., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Asgari, Sassan (2013) Effect of Wolbachia on replication of West Nile Virus in mosquito cell line and adult mosquitoes. Journal of Virology, 87 2: 851-858. doi:10.1128/JVI.01837-12

Noncoding flavivirus RNA displays RNA interference suppressoractivity in insect and mammalian cells

Schnettler, Esther, Sterken, Mark G., Leung, Jason Y., Metz, Stefan W., Geertsema, Corinne, Goldbach, Rob W., Vlak, Just M., Kohl, Alain, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Pijlman, Gorben P. (2012) Noncoding flavivirus RNA displays RNA interference suppressoractivity in insect and mammalian cells. Journal of Virology, 86 24: 13486-13500. doi:10.1128/JVI.01104-12

A noncoding RNA produced by arthropod-borne flaviviruses inhibits the cellular exoribonuclease XRN1 and alters host mRNA stability

Moon, Stephanie L., Anderson, John R., Kumagai, Yutaro, Wilusz, Carol J., Akira, Shizuo, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Wilusz, Jeffrey (2012) A noncoding RNA produced by arthropod-borne flaviviruses inhibits the cellular exoribonuclease XRN1 and alters host mRNA stability. RNA, 18 11: 2029-2040. doi:10.1261/rna.034330.112

Identification of residues in West Nile virus premembrane protein that influence viral particle secretion and virulence

Setoh, Y. X., Prow, N. A., Hobson-Peters, J., Lobigs, M., Young, P. R., Khromykh, A. A. and Hall, R. A. (2012) Identification of residues in West Nile virus premembrane protein that influence viral particle secretion and virulence. Journal of General Virology, 93 Part 9: 1965-1975. doi:10.1099/vir.0.044453-0

Interferon response factors 3 and 7 protect against Chikungunya virus hemorrhagic fever and shock

Rudd, Penny A., Wilson, Jane, Gardner, Joy, Larcher, Thibaut, Babarit, Candice, Le, Thuy T., Anraku, Itaru, Kumagai, Yutaro, Loo, Yueh-Ming, Gale Jr, Michael, Akira, Shizuo, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2012) Interferon response factors 3 and 7 protect against Chikungunya virus hemorrhagic fever and shock. Journal of Virology, 86 18: 9888-9898. doi:10.1128/JVI.00956-12

Characterization of virulent West Nile virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011

Frost, Melinda J., Zhang, Jing, Edmonds, Judith H., Prow, Natalie A., Gu, Xingnian, Davis, Rodney, Hornitzky, Christine, Arzey, Kathleen E., Finlaison, Deborah, Hick, Paul, Read, Andrew, Hobson-Peters, Jody, May, Fiona J., Doggett, Stephen L., Haniotis, John, Russell, Richard C., Hall, Roy A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Kirkland, Peter D. (2012) Characterization of virulent West Nile virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18 5: 792-800. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111720

West Nile virus noncoding subgenomic RNA contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon-mediated antiviral response

Schuessler, Andrea, Funk, Anneke, Lazear, Helen M., Cooper, Daphne A., Torres, Shessy, Daffis, Stephane, Jha, Babal Kant, Kumagai, Yutaro, Takeuchi, Osamu, Hertzog, Paul, Silverman, Robert, Akira, Shizuo, Barton, David J., Diamond, Michael S. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2012) West Nile virus noncoding subgenomic RNA contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon-mediated antiviral response. Journal of Virology, 86 10: 5708-5718. doi:10.1128/JVI.00207-12

West Nile virus encodes a microRNA-like small RNA in the 3' untranslated region which up-regulates GATA4 mRNA and facilitates virus replication in mosquito cells

Hussain, Mazhar, Torres, Shessy, Schnettler, Esther, Funk, Anneke, Grundhoff, Adam, Pijlman, Gorben P., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Asgari, Sassan (2012) West Nile virus encodes a microRNA-like small RNA in the 3' untranslated region which up-regulates GATA4 mRNA and facilitates virus replication in mosquito cells. Nucleic Acids Research, 40 5: 2210-2223. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr848

Kunjin virus replicon-based vaccines expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein GP protect the guinea pig against lethal Ebola virus infection

Reynard, O., Mokhonov, V., Mokhonova, E., Leung, J., Page, A., Mateo, M., Pyankova, O., Georges-Courbot, M. C., Raoul, H., Khromykh, A. A. and Volchkov, V. E. (2011) Kunjin virus replicon-based vaccines expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein GP protect the guinea pig against lethal Ebola virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204 3: S1060-S1065. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir347

Determinants of attenuation in the envelope protein of the flavivirus Alfuy

Prow, Natalie A., May, Fiona J., Westlake, Daniel J., Hurrelbrink, Robert J., Biron, Rebecca M., Leung, Jason Y., McMinn, Peter C., Clark, David C., Mackenzie, John S., Lobigs, Mario, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2011) Determinants of attenuation in the envelope protein of the flavivirus Alfuy. Journal of General Virology, 92 10: 2286-2296. doi:10.1099/vir.0.034793-0

pDNA-lipoplexes engrafted with flagellin-related peptide induce potent immunity and anti-tumour effects

Faham, Abdus, Herringson, Thomas, Parish, Chris, Suhrbier, AandreaS, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Altin, Joseph G. (2011) pDNA-lipoplexes engrafted with flagellin-related peptide induce potent immunity and anti-tumour effects. Vaccine, 29 40: 6911-6919. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.045

The naturally attenuated Kunjin strain of West Nile virus shows enhanced sensitivity to the host type I interferon response

Daffis, Stephane, Lazear, Helen M., Liu, Wen Jun, Audsley, Michelle, Engle, Michael, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Diamond, Michael S. (2011) The naturally attenuated Kunjin strain of West Nile virus shows enhanced sensitivity to the host type I interferon response. Journal of Virology, 85 11: 5664-5668. doi:10.1128/JVI.00232-11

Virulence determinants between New York 99 and Kunjin strains of West Nile virus

Audsley, Michelle, Edmonds, Judith, Liu, Wenjun, Mokhonov, Vlad, Mokhonova, Ekaterina, Melian, Ezequeil Balmori, Prow, Natalie, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2011) Virulence determinants between New York 99 and Kunjin strains of West Nile virus. Virology, 414 1: 63-73. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.008

Prime-boost vaccinations using recombinant flavivirus replicon and vaccinia virus vaccines: An ELISPOT analysis

Rattanasena, Paweena, Anraku, Itaru, Gardner, Joy, Le, Thuy T., Wang, Xiang Ju, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2011) Prime-boost vaccinations using recombinant flavivirus replicon and vaccinia virus vaccines: An ELISPOT analysis. Immunology and Cell Biology, 89 3: 426-436. doi:10.1038/icb.2010.99

RNA structures required for production of subgenomic flavivirus RNA

Funk, Anneke, Truong, Katherine, Nagasaki, Tomoko, Torres, Shessy, Floden, Nadia, Balmori Melian, Ezequiel, Edmonds, Judy, Dong, Hongping, Shi, Pei-Yong and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2010) RNA structures required for production of subgenomic flavivirus RNA. Journal of Virology, 84 21: 11407-11417. doi:10.1128/JVI.01159-10

Chikungunya virus nonstructural protein 2 inhibits type I/II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling

Fros, Jelke J., Liu, Wen Jun, Prow, Natalie A., Geertsema, Corinne, Ligtenberg, Maarten, Vanlandingham, Dana L., Schnettler, Esther, Vlak, Just M., Suhrbier, Andreas, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Pijlman, Gorben P. (2010) Chikungunya virus nonstructural protein 2 inhibits type I/II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling. Journal of Virology, 84 20: 10877-10887. doi:10.1128/JVI.00949-10

Nanopatch-targeted skin vaccination against West Nile virus and chikungunya virus in mice

Prow, Tarl W., Chen, Xianfeng, Prow, Natalie A., Fernando, Germain J. P., Tan, Cindy S. E., Raphael, Anthony P., Chang, David, Ruutu, Merja P., Jenkins, Derek W. K., Pyke, Alyssa, Crichton, Michael L., Raphaelli, Kristin, Goh, Lucas Y. H., Frazer, Ian H., Roberts, Michael S., Gardner, Joy, Khromykh, Alexander A., Suhrbier, Andreas, Hall, Roy A. and Kendall, Mark A. F. (2010) Nanopatch-targeted skin vaccination against West Nile virus and chikungunya virus in mice. Small, 6 16: 1776-1784. doi:10.1002/smll.201000331

The NS5 protein of the virulent West Nile virus NY99 strain is a potent antagonist of type I interferon-mediated JAK-STAT signaling

Laurent-Rolle, Maudry, Boer, Elena F., Lubick, Kirk J., Wolfinbarger, James B., Carmody, Aaron B., Rockx, Barry, Liu, Wenjun, Ashour, Joseph, Shupert, W. Lesley, Holbrook, Michael R., Barrett, Alan D., Mason, Peter W., Bloom, Marshall E., Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Best, Sonja M. (2010) The NS5 protein of the virulent West Nile virus NY99 strain is a potent antagonist of type I interferon-mediated JAK-STAT signaling. Journal of Virology, 84 7: 3503-3515. doi:10.1128/JVI.01161-09

Viral determinants in the NS3 helicase and 2K peptide that promote West Nile virus resistance to antiviral action of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1b

Mertens, E, Kajaste-Rudnitski, A, Torres, S, Funk, A, Frenkiel, MP, Iteman, I, Khromykh, AA and Despres, P (2010) Viral determinants in the NS3 helicase and 2K peptide that promote West Nile virus resistance to antiviral action of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1b. Virology, 399 1: 176-185. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.12.036

NS1 ' of flaviviruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup is a product of ribosomal frameshifting and plays a role in viral neuroinvasiveness

Balmori Melian, Ezequiel, Hinzman, Edward, Nagasaki, Tomoko, Firth, Andrew E., Wills, Norma M., Nouwens, Amanda S., Blitvich, Bradley J., Leung, Jason, Funk, Anneke, Atkins, John F., Hall, Roy and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2010) NS1 ' of flaviviruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup is a product of ribosomal frameshifting and plays a role in viral neuroinvasiveness. Journal of Virology, 84 3: 1641-1647. doi:10.1128/JVI.01979-09

Monoclonal antibodies to the West Nile virus NS5 protein map to linear and conformational epitopes in the methyltransferase and polymerase domains

Hall, Roy A., Tan, Si En, Selisko, Barbara, Slade, Rachael, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Canard, Bruno, Hughes, Megan, Leung, Jason Y., Balmori-Melian, Ezequiel, Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Pham, Kim B., Clark, David C., Prow, Natalie A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2009) Monoclonal antibodies to the West Nile virus NS5 protein map to linear and conformational epitopes in the methyltransferase and polymerase domains. Journal of General Virology, 90 12: 2912-2922. doi:10.1099/vir.0.013805-0

Generating flavivirus vaccine candidates by modulating interferon sensitivity

Funk, Anneke and Khromykh, Alexander (2009) Generating flavivirus vaccine candidates by modulating interferon sensitivity. Expert Review of Vaccines, 8 9: 1157-1160. doi:10.1586/ERV.09.73

West Nile virus: The current climate

Prow, Natalie A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2009) West Nile virus: The current climate. Medical Laboratory Observer, 41 4: 10-15.

A Kunjin replicon vector encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor for intra-tumoral gene therapy

Hoang-Le, D., Smeenk, L., Anraku, I., Pijlman, G. P., Wang, X. J., De Vrij, J., Liu, W. J., Le, T. T., Schroder, W. A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, A. (2009) A Kunjin replicon vector encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor for intra-tumoral gene therapy. Gene Therapy, 16 2: 190-199. doi:10.1038/gt.2008.169

A highly structured,nuclease-resistant, noncoding RNA produced by flaviviruses is required for pathogenicity

Pijlman, Gorben P., Funk, Anneke, Kondratieva, Natasha, Leung, Jason, Torres, Shessy, Van der Aa, Lieke, Liu, Wen Jun, Palmenberg, Ann C., Shi, Pei-Yong, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2008) A highly structured,nuclease-resistant, noncoding RNA produced by flaviviruses is required for pathogenicity. Cell Host and Microbe, 4 6: 579-591. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.10.007

Kunjin replicon-based simian immunodeficiency virus gag vaccines

Anraku, Itaru, Mokhonov, Vladislav V., Rattanasena, Paweena, Mokhonova, Ekaterina I., Leung, Jason, Pijlman, Gorben, Cara, Andrea, Schroder, Wayne A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2008) Kunjin replicon-based simian immunodeficiency virus gag vaccines. Vaccine, 26 26: 3268-3276. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.001

Role of Nonstructural Protein NS2A in Flavivirus Assembly

Leung, Jason Y., Pijlman, Gorben P., Kondratieva, Natasha, Hyde, Jennifer, Mackenzie, Jason M. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2008) Role of Nonstructural Protein NS2A in Flavivirus Assembly. Journal of Virology, 82 10: 4731-4741. doi:10.1128/JVI.00002-08

Evaluation of recombinant Kunjin replicon SIV vaccines for protective efficacy in macaques

Kent, Stephen J., De Rose, Robert, Mokhonov, Vlad V., Mokhonova, Ekaterina I., Fernandez, Caroline S., Alcantara, Sheilajen, Rollman, Erik, Mason, Rosemarie D., Loh, Liyen, Peut, Viv, Reece, Jeanette C., Wang, Xiang Ju, Wilson, Kim M., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander (2008) Evaluation of recombinant Kunjin replicon SIV vaccines for protective efficacy in macaques. Virology, 374 2: 528-534. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.006

Single-round infectious particles enhance immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against West Nile virus

Chang, David C., Liu, Wen J., Anraku, Itaru, Clark, David C., Pollitt, Christopher C., Suhrbier, Andreas, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2008) Single-round infectious particles enhance immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against West Nile virus. Nature Biotechnology, 26 5: 571-577. doi:10.1038/nbt1400

Drug evaluation: ChimeriVax-West Nile vaccine

Hall, RA and Khromykh, AA (2007) Drug evaluation: ChimeriVax-West Nile vaccine. Current Opinion In Molecular Therapeutics, 9 5: 498-504.

Cholesterol Manipulation by West Nile Virus Perturbs the Cellular Immune Response

Mackenzie, Jason M., Khromykh, Alexander and Parton, Robert G. (2007) Cholesterol Manipulation by West Nile Virus Perturbs the Cellular Immune Response. Cell Host and Microbe, 2 4: 229-239. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.003

Construction and biological characterization of artificial recombinants between a wild type flavivirus (Kunjin) and a live chimeric flavivirus vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE)

Pugachev, KV, Schwaiger, J, Brown, N, Zhang, ZX, Catalan, J, Mitchell, FS, Ocran, SW, Rumyantsev, AA, Khromykh, AA, Monath, TP and Guirakhoo, F (2007) Construction and biological characterization of artificial recombinants between a wild type flavivirus (Kunjin) and a live chimeric flavivirus vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE). Vaccine, 25 37-38: 6661-6671. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.016

West Nile virus-induced cytoplasmic membrane structures provide partial protection against the interferon-induced antiviral MxA protein

Hoenen, A., Liu, W., Kochs, G., Khromykh, A. and Mackenzie, J. (2007) West Nile virus-induced cytoplasmic membrane structures provide partial protection against the interferon-induced antiviral MxA protein. Journal of General Virology, 88 11: 3013-3017. doi:10.1099/vir.0.83125-0

Crystal structure and activity of Kunjin virus NS3 helicase; Protease and helicase domain assembly in the full length NS3 protein

Mastrangelo, E, Milani, M, Bollati, M, Selisko, B, Peyrane, F, Pandini, V, Sorrentino, G, Canard, B, Konarev, PV, Svergun, DI, de Lamballerie, X, Coutard, B, Khromykh, AA and Bolognesi, M (2007) Crystal structure and activity of Kunjin virus NS3 helicase; Protease and helicase domain assembly in the full length NS3 protein. Journal of Molecular Biology, 372 2: 444-455. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.055

Crystal structure of the RNA polymerase domain of the West Nile Virus non-structural protein 5

Malet, H., Egloff, M., Selisko, B., Butcher, R., Wright, P., Roberts, M., Gruez, A., Sulzenbacher, G., Vonrhein, C., Bricogne, G., Mackenzie, J., Khromykh, A., Davidson, A. and Canard, B. (2007) Crystal structure of the RNA polymerase domain of the West Nile Virus non-structural protein 5. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282 14: 10678-10689. doi:10.1074/jbc.M607273200

Using a bioaerosol personal sampler in combination with real-time PCR analysis for rapid detection of airborne viruses

Pyankov, O. V., Agranovski, I. E., Pyankova, O., Mokhonova, E., Mokhonov, V., Safatov, A. S. and Khromykh, A. A. (2007) Using a bioaerosol personal sampler in combination with real-time PCR analysis for rapid detection of airborne viruses. Environmental Microbiology, 9 4: 992-1000. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01226.x

Translation of the flavivirus Kunjin NS3 gene in cis but not its RNA sequence or secondary structure is essential for efficient RNA packaging

Pijlman, Gorben P., Kondratieva, Natasha and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2006) Translation of the flavivirus Kunjin NS3 gene in cis but not its RNA sequence or secondary structure is essential for efficient RNA packaging. Journal of Virology, 80 22: 11255-11264. doi:10.1128/JVI.01559-06

Ebola virus glycoprotein GP is not cytotoxic when expressed constitutively at a moderate level

Alazard-Dany, N., Volchkova, V., Reynard, O., Carbonnelle, C., Dolnik, O., Ottmann, M., Khromykh, A. and Volchkov, V. E. (2006) Ebola virus glycoprotein GP is not cytotoxic when expressed constitutively at a moderate level. Journal of General Virology, 87 5: 1247-1257. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81361-0

Regulated Cleavages at the West Nile Virus NS4A-2K-NS4B Junctions Play a Major Role in Rearranging Cytoplasmic Membranes and Golgi Trafficking of the NS4A Protein

Roosendaal, Jojanneke, Westaway, Edwin G., Khromykh, Alexander and Mackenzie, Jason M. (2006) Regulated Cleavages at the West Nile Virus NS4A-2K-NS4B Junctions Play a Major Role in Rearranging Cytoplasmic Membranes and Golgi Trafficking of the NS4A Protein. Journal of Virology, 80 9: 4623-4632. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.9.4623-4632.2006

A single amino acid substitution in the west nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice

Liu, Wen Jun, Wang, Xiang Ju, Clark, David C., Lobigs, Mario, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2006) A single amino acid substitution in the west nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice. Journal of Virology, 80 5: 2396-2404. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.5.2396-2404.2006

Kunjin virus replicons: an RNA-based, non-cytopathic viral vector system for protein production, vaccine and gene therapy applications

Pijlman, Gorben P., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2006) Kunjin virus replicons: an RNA-based, non-cytopathic viral vector system for protein production, vaccine and gene therapy applications. Expert Opinion On Biological Therapy, 6 2: 135-145. doi:10.1517/14712598.6.2.135

Comparative mechanistic studies of de novo RNA synthesis by flavivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases

Selisko, B., Dutartre, H., Guillemot, J. C., Debarnot, C., Benarroch, D., Khromykh, A., Despres, P., Egloff, M. P. and Canard, B. (2006) Comparative mechanistic studies of de novo RNA synthesis by flavivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Virology, 351 1: 145-158. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.026

Preliminary crystallographic characterization of an RNA helicase from Kunjin virus

Mastrangelo, Eloise, Bollati, Michela, Milani, Mario, Brisbarre, Nadege, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Coutard, Bruno, Canard, Bruno, Khromykh, Alexander and Bolognesi, Martino (2006) Preliminary crystallographic characterization of an RNA helicase from Kunjin virus. Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications, 62 9: 876-879. doi:10.1107/S1744309106028776

Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins

Liu, Wen Jun, Wang, Xiang Ju, Mokhonov, Vladislav V., Shi, Pei-Yong, Randall, Richard and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2005) Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins. Journal of Virology, 79 3: 1934-1942. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1934-1942.2005

Semliki Forest virus and Kunjin virus RNA replicons elicit comparable cellular immunity but distinct humoral immunity

Tannis, Laura Lee, Gauthier, Andree, Evelegh, Carole, Parsons, Robin, Nyholt, Dana, Khromykh, Alexander and Brarnson, Jonathan L. (2005) Semliki Forest virus and Kunjin virus RNA replicons elicit comparable cellular immunity but distinct humoral immunity. Vaccine, 23 33: 4189-4194. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.04.005

Analysis of adaptive mutations in Kunjin virus replicon RNA reveals a novel role for the flavivirus nonstructural protein NS2A in inhibition of beta interferon promoter-driven transcription

Liu, Wen Jun, Chen, Hua Bo, Xiang, Ju Wang, Huang, Hester and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2004) Analysis of adaptive mutations in Kunjin virus replicon RNA reveals a novel role for the flavivirus nonstructural protein NS2A in inhibition of beta interferon promoter-driven transcription. Journal of Virology, 78 22: 12225-12235. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.22.12225-12235.2004

West Nile virus vaccines

Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2004) West Nile virus vaccines. Expert Opinion On Biological Therapy, 4 8: 1295-1305. doi:10.1517/14712598.4.8.1295

Recombinant Kunjin virus replicon vaccines induce protective T-cell immunity against human papillomavirus 16 E7-expressing tumour

Herd, Karen A., Harvey, Tracey, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Tindle, Robert W. (2004) Recombinant Kunjin virus replicon vaccines induce protective T-cell immunity against human papillomavirus 16 E7-expressing tumour. Virology, 319 2: 237-248. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2003.10.032

Tetracycline-Inducible packaging cell line for production of Flavivirus replicon particles.

Harvey, Tracey, Liu, Wen Jun, Wang, Xiang Ju, Linedale,Richard, Jacobs,Michael, Davidson, Andrew, Le,Thuy T. T., Anraku,Itaru, Suhrbier,Andreas, Pei-Yong, Shi and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2004) Tetracycline-Inducible packaging cell line for production of Flavivirus replicon particles.. Journal of Virology, 78 1: 531-538. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.1.531-538.2004

West nile virus core protein: Tetramer structure and ribbon formation

Dokland, T., Walsh, M., Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. A., Ee, K. H. and Wang, S. F. (2004) West nile virus core protein: Tetramer structure and ribbon formation. Structure, 12 7: 1157-1163. doi:10.1016/j.str.2004.04.024

Significance in replication of the terminal nucleotides of the Flavivirus genome

Khromykh, Alexander A., Kondratieva, Natasha, Sgro, Jean-Yves, Palmenberg, Ann and Westaway, Edwin G. (2003) Significance in replication of the terminal nucleotides of the Flavivirus genome. Journal of Virology, 77 19: 10623-10629. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.19.10623-10629.2003

Kunjin virus replicon vectors for human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development

Tracey Harvey, Anraku, Itaru, Linedale, Richard, Harrich, David, Mackenzie, Jason, Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2003) Kunjin virus replicon vectors for human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development. Journal of Virology, 77 14: 7796-7803. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.14.7796-7803.2003

Molecular and functional analyses of Kunjin virus infectious cDNA clones demonstrate the essential roles for NS2A in virus assembly and for a nonconservative residue in NS3 in RNA replication

Liu, Wen Jun, Chen, Hua Bo and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2003) Molecular and functional analyses of Kunjin virus infectious cDNA clones demonstrate the essential roles for NS2A in virus assembly and for a nonconservative residue in NS3 in RNA replication. Journal of Virology, 77 14: 7804-7813. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.14.7804-7813.2003

Generation of CTL responses using Kunjin replicon RNA

Ward, Scott M., Tindle, Robert W., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Gowans, Eric J. (2003) Generation of CTL responses using Kunjin replicon RNA. Immunology And Cell Biology, 81 1: 73-78. doi:10.1046/j.0818-9641.2002.01137.x

DNA vaccine coding for the full-length infectious Kunjin virus RNA protects mice against the New York strain of West Nile virus

Hall, R. A., Nisbet, D. J., Pham, K.B., Pyke, A. T., Smith, G. A. and Khromykh, A. (2003) DNA vaccine coding for the full-length infectious Kunjin virus RNA protects mice against the New York strain of West Nile virus. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 100 18: 10460-10464. doi:10.1073/pnas.1834270100

Complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin NS3 and NS5 proteins defines the minimal regions essential for formation of a replication complex and shows a requirement of NS3 in cis for virus assembly

Liu, Wen Jun, Sedlak, Petra L., Kondratieva, Natasha and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2002) Complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin NS3 and NS5 proteins defines the minimal regions essential for formation of a replication complex and shows a requirement of NS3 in cis for virus assembly. Journal of Virology, 76 21: 10766-10775. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.21.10766-10775.2002

Kunjin virus replicon vaccine vectors induce protective CD8(+) T-cell immunity

Anraku, Itaru, Harvey, Tracey J., Linedale, Richard, Gardner, Joy, Harrich, David, Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2002) Kunjin virus replicon vaccine vectors induce protective CD8(+) T-cell immunity. Journal of Virology, 76 8: 3791-3799. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.8.3791-3799.2002

Biological significance of glycosylation of the envelope protein of Kunjin virus

Scherret, J., Mackenzie, J. S., Khromykh, A. and Hall, R. A. (2001) Biological significance of glycosylation of the envelope protein of Kunjin virus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 951 West Nile Virus: Detection, Surveillance, And Control: 361-363. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02719.x

Essential role of cyclization sequences in Flavivirus RNA replication

Khromykh, Alexander A., Meka, Hedije, Guyatt, Kimberley J. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2001) Essential role of cyclization sequences in Flavivirus RNA replication. Journal of Virology, 75 14: 6719-6728. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.14.6719-6728.2001

Coupling between replication and packaging of flavivirus RNA: Evidence derived from the use of DNA-based full-length cDNA clones of kunjin virus

Khromykh, Alexander A., Varnavski, Andrei N., Sedlak, Petra L. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2001) Coupling between replication and packaging of flavivirus RNA: Evidence derived from the use of DNA-based full-length cDNA clones of kunjin virus. Journal of Virology, 75 10: 4633-4640. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.10.4633-4640.2001

Expression and purification of enzymatically active recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) of the flavivirus Kunjin

Guyatt, K. J., Westaway, E. G. and Khromykh, A. A. (2001) Expression and purification of enzymatically active recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) of the flavivirus Kunjin. Journal of Virological Methods, 92 1: 37-44. doi:10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00270-6

Stable expression of noncytopathic Kunjin replicons simulates both ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics observed during replication of Kunjin virus

Mackenzie, Jason M., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2001) Stable expression of noncytopathic Kunjin replicons simulates both ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics observed during replication of Kunjin virus. Virology, 279 1: 161-172. doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0691

Replicon-based vectors of positive strand RNA viruses.

Khromykh, A. A. (2000) Replicon-based vectors of positive strand RNA viruses.. Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics, 2 5: 555-569.

Stable High-Level Expression of Heterologous Genes In Vitro and In Vivo by Noncytopathic DNA-Based Kunjin Virus Repicon Vectors

Varnavski, Andrei N., Young, Paul R. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2000) Stable High-Level Expression of Heterologous Genes In Vitro and In Vivo by Noncytopathic DNA-Based Kunjin Virus Repicon Vectors. Journal of Virology, 74 9: 4394-4403. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.9.4394-4403.2000

cis- and trans- Acting Elements in Flavivirus RNA Replication

Khromykh, Alexander A., Sedlak, Petra L. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2000) cis- and trans- Acting Elements in Flavivirus RNA Replication. Journal of Virology, 74 7: 3253-3263. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.7.3253-3263.2000

Efficient trans-complementation of the flavivirus kunjin NS5 protein but not of the NS1 protein requires its coexpression with other components of the viral replicase

Khromykh, Alexander A., Sedlak, Petra L., Guyatt, Kimberley J., Hall, Roy A. and Westaway, Edwin G. (1999) Efficient trans-complementation of the flavivirus kunjin NS5 protein but not of the NS1 protein requires its coexpression with other components of the viral replicase. Journal of Virology, 73 12: 10272-10280.

trans-complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin ns5 gene reveals an essential role for translation of its N-terminal half in RNA replication

Khromykh, AA, Sedlak, PL and Westaway, EG (1999) trans-complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin ns5 gene reveals an essential role for translation of its N-terminal half in RNA replication. Journal of Virology, 73 11: 9247-9255.

Nascent flavivirus RNA colocalized in situ with double-stranded RNA in stable replication complexes

Westaway, EG, Khromykh, AA and Mackenzie, JM (1999) Nascent flavivirus RNA colocalized in situ with double-stranded RNA in stable replication complexes. Virology, 258 1: 108-117. doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9683

Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes

Varnavski, AN and Khromykh, AA (1999) Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. Virology, 255 2: 366-375. doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9564

Loss of dimerisation of the nonstructural protein NS1 of Kunjin virus delays viral replication and reduces virulence in mice, but still allows secretion of NS1

Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A. A., Mackenzie, J. M., Scherret, J., Khromykh, T. and Mackenzie, J. S. (1999) Loss of dimerisation of the nonstructural protein NS1 of Kunjin virus delays viral replication and reduces virulence in mice, but still allows secretion of NS1. Virology, 264 1: 66-75. doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9956

trans-complementation of flavivirus RNA polymerase gene NS5 by using kunjin virus replicon-expressing BHK cells

Khromykh, AA, Kenney, MT and Westaway, EG (1998) trans-complementation of flavivirus RNA polymerase gene NS5 by using kunjin virus replicon-expressing BHK cells. Journal of Virology, 72 9: 7270-7279.

Encapsidation of the flavivirus kunjin replicon RNA by using a complementation system providing kunjin virus structural proteins in trans

Khromykh, AA, Varnavski, AN and Westaway, EG (1998) Encapsidation of the flavivirus kunjin replicon RNA by using a complementation system providing kunjin virus structural proteins in trans. Journal of Virology, 72 7: 5967-5977.

Subcellular localization and some biochemical properties of the flavivirus Kunjin nonstructural proteins NS2A and NS4A

Mackenzie, JM, Khromykh, AA, Jones, MK and Westaway, EG (1998) Subcellular localization and some biochemical properties of the flavivirus Kunjin nonstructural proteins NS2A and NS4A. Virology, 245 2: 203-215. doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9156

Cloning and expression of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene in baculovirus

Scott, SP, Zhang, N, Khanna, KK, Khromykh, A, Hobson, K, Watters, D and Lavin, MF (1998) Cloning and expression of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene in baculovirus. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 245 1: 144-148. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8137

Ultrastructure of Kunjin virus-infected cells: Colocalization of NS1 and NS3 with double-stranded RNA, and of NS2B with NS3, in virus-induced membrane structures

Westaway, Edwin G., MacKenzie, Jason M., Kenney, Mark T., Jones, Malcolm K. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (1997) Ultrastructure of Kunjin virus-infected cells: Colocalization of NS1 and NS3 with double-stranded RNA, and of NS2B with NS3, in virus-induced membrane structures. Journal of Virology, 71 9: 6650-6661.

Proteins C and NS4B of the flavivirus Kunjin translocate independently into the nucleus

Westaway, EG, Khromykh, AA, Kenney, MT, Mackenzie, JM and Jones, MK (1997) Proteins C and NS4B of the flavivirus Kunjin translocate independently into the nucleus. Virology, 234 1: 31-41. doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8629

Subgenomic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin: Construction and applications

Khromykh, AA and Westaway, EG (1997) Subgenomic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin: Construction and applications. Journal of Virology, 71 2: 1497-1505.

Expression and purification of all seven nonstructural proteins of the flavivirus Kunjin in the E.coli and the baculovirus systems

Khromykh, A. A., Harvey, T. J., Abedinia, M. and Westaway, E. G. (1996) Expression and purification of all seven nonstructural proteins of the flavivirus Kunjin in the E.coli and the baculovirus systems. Journal of Virological Methods, 61 1-2: 47-58. doi:10.1016/0166-0934(96)02068-X

RNA binding properties of core protein of the flavivirus Kunjin

Khromykh, AA and Westaway, EG (1996) RNA binding properties of core protein of the flavivirus Kunjin. Archives of Virology, 141 3-4: 685-699. doi:10.1007/BF01718326

COMPLETION OF KUNJIN VIRUS-RNA SEQUENCE AND RECOVERY OF AN INFECTIOUS RNA TRANSCRIBED FROM STABLY CLONED FULL-LENGTH CDNA

KHROMYKH, AA and WESTAWAY, EG (1994) COMPLETION OF KUNJIN VIRUS-RNA SEQUENCE AND RECOVERY OF AN INFECTIOUS RNA TRANSCRIBED FROM STABLY CLONED FULL-LENGTH CDNA. Journal of Virology, 68 7: 4580-4588.

Sneaking up on West Nile Virus NS2B/NS3 protease subcellular activity utilising dye-quenched substrates

Liebscher, Susan, Chappell, K. J., Stoermer, Martin J., Watterson, Daniel, Webb, Richard I., Khromykh, Alexander A., Fairlie, David P. and Young, Paul R. (2010). Sneaking up on West Nile Virus NS2B/NS3 protease subcellular activity utilising dye-quenched substrates. In: PlusStrand 2010: The Ninth International Symposium on Positive-Strand RNA Viruses, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A., (88-88). 17-21 May 2010.

Evasion of host innate immune response by West Nile virus.

Khromykh, A. (2009). Evasion of host innate immune response by West Nile virus.. In: TLROZ 2009: Patterns Recognition Receptors in Health and Disease, Surfers Paradise, Australia, (). 28-30 October 2009.

Flavivirus subgenomic non-coding RNA is required to overcome the host innate immune response

Funk, A., Torres, S., Edmonds, J., Pijlman, G., Hall, R., Lobigs, M., Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O., Akira, S. and Khromykh, A. (2009). Flavivirus subgenomic non-coding RNA is required to overcome the host innate immune response. In: 5th Australian Virology Group Meeting, Lorne, Australia, (). 13-17 December 2009.

Molecular basis for the resistance of West Nile virus to antiviral activity of Oas1b

Martens, E., Iteman, I., Frenkiel, M.-P., Simon-Chazottes, D., Funk, A., Khromykh, A. and Kajaste-Rudnitski, P. (2009). Molecular basis for the resistance of West Nile virus to antiviral activity of Oas1b. In: 28th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Vancouver, Canada, (). 11-15 July 2009.

The role of flavivirus subgenomic non-coding RNA in overcoming host innate immune response

Funk, A., Torres, S., Truong, K., Edmonds, J., Pijlman, G., Hall, R., Lobigs, M., Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O., Akira, S. and Khromykh, A. (2009). The role of flavivirus subgenomic non-coding RNA in overcoming host innate immune response. In: TLROZ 2009: Patterns Recognition Receptors in Health and Disease, Gold Coast , Australia, (). 28-30 October 2009.

The role of pseudoknot interactions in stabilizing flavivirus RNA structure and generation of nuclease resistant flavivirus RNA.

Truong, K., Funk, A., Torres, S. and Khromykh, A. (2009). The role of pseudoknot interactions in stabilizing flavivirus RNA structure and generation of nuclease resistant flavivirus RNA.. In: 5th Australian Virology Group Meeting, Lorne, Australia, (). 13-17 December 2009.

The role of small subgenomic RNA in flavivirus replication and pathogenicity.

Khromykh, A. (2009). The role of small subgenomic RNA in flavivirus replication and pathogenicity.. In: NITD Conference on Dengue, Manila, Philippines, (). 31 Aug - 4 Sept 2009.

The role of subgenomic non-coding RNA in flavivirus-host interactions and viral pathogenicity

Khromykh, A., Funk, A., Torres, S., Edmonds, J., Pijlman, G., Hall, R., Lobigs, M., Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O. and Akira, S. (2009). The role of subgenomic non-coding RNA in flavivirus-host interactions and viral pathogenicity. In: 28th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Vancouver, Canada, (). 11-15 July 2009.

Flavivirus replication and cellular RNA decay machinery

Khromykh, A.A. (2008). Flavivirus replication and cellular RNA decay machinery. In: 3rd AREVA-Pasteur Forum "Mosquito- and tick-borne viruses and their environment, Shanghai, China, (). 12-14 June, 2008.

Flavivirus subgenomic RNA generated by the mRNA decay machinery supports efficient virus replication

Pijlman, G.P., Funk, A., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, , A.C., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A. (2008). Flavivirus subgenomic RNA generated by the mRNA decay machinery supports efficient virus replication. In: American Society for Virology Annual Meeting, Ithaca, USA, (). 12-16 July, 2008.

Flaviviruses employ cellular mRNA decay machinery to generate subgenomic non-coding RNA required for pathogenicity

Pijlman, G.P., Funk, A., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, A.C., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A.A. (2008). Flaviviruses employ cellular mRNA decay machinery to generate subgenomic non-coding RNA required for pathogenicity. In: International Congress of Virology, Istanbul, Turkey, (). 10-15 Aug, 2008.

Flaviviruses employ cellular mRNA decay machinery to generate subgenomic non-coding RNA required for pathogenicity

Funk, A., Pijlman, G.P., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, A.C., Shi, P.-Y., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A. (2008). Flaviviruses employ cellular mRNA decay machinery to generate subgenomic non-coding RNA required for pathogenicity. In: Arbovirus Research in Australia Meeting, Coffs Harbour, Australia, (). 15-19 Sept, 2008.

The role of small non-coding RNAs in flavivirus replication and pathogenicity

Pijlman, G.P., Funk, A., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, A.C., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A.A. (2008). The role of small non-coding RNAs in flavivirus replication and pathogenicity. In: Society for General Microbiology Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, (). 31 Mar - 3 Apr, 2008.

Cholesterol is good, just ask the flaviviruses

Mackenzie, J M, Khromykh, A and Parton, R G (2006). Cholesterol is good, just ask the flaviviruses. In: Annual Scientific Meeting & Exhibition - Aust Society for Microbiology. Annual Scientific Meeting & Exhibition - Aust Society for Micry, Gold Coast, (Abstract). 2-6 July, 2006.

Flavivirus replication and virus-host interactions

Khromykh, A (2006). Flavivirus replication and virus-host interactions. In: Annual Scientific Meeting & Exhibition - Aust Society for Microbiology. Annual Scientific Meeting & Exhibition - Aust Society for Micr, Gold Coast, (Abstract). 2-6 July, 2006.

Inhibition of interferon signaling in flavivirus-infected cells is associated with virus-induced cholesterol re-distribution

Mackenzie, J M, Liu, W, Parton, R G and Khromykh, A (2006). Inhibition of interferon signaling in flavivirus-infected cells is associated with virus-induced cholesterol re-distribution. In: 13th International Mtg on Hepatitis C Virus & Related Viruses. 13th International Mtg on Hepatitis C Virus & Related Viruses, Cairns, (Abstract). 27-31 Aug, 2006.

Kunjin replicon vectors for HIV/SIV vaccine development

Anraku, I., Mokhonova, V., Rattanasena, P., Pijlman, G P, Suhrbier, A and Khromykh, A (2006). Kunjin replicon vectors for HIV/SIV vaccine development. In: Aust Centre for HIV & Hepatitis Virology Research. Aust Centre for HIV & Hepatitis Virology Research, Lorne, (Abstract). 8-11 Oct, 2006.

Modulation of interferon response by West Nile

Khromykh, A, Liu, W, Wang,, Clark, D. C. J. and Hall, R A (2006). Modulation of interferon response by West Nile. In: Keystone Symposia. Keystone Symposia, Keystone, Colorado, (Abstract). 6-11 Jan, 2006.

A bigmac a day keeps the flavivirus away

Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. and Parton, R. G. (2005). A bigmac a day keeps the flavivirus away. In: 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting. 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting, Phillip Is, (31-31). 9-12 Dec, 2005.

A single amino acid in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit interferon alpha/beta induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice

Liu, W., Wang, D.Z., Clark, M., Lobigs, M. and Khromykh, A. (2005). A single amino acid in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit interferon alpha/beta induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice. In: 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting. 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting, Phillip Is, (31-31). 9-12 Dec, 2005.

Kunjin (West Nile) virus-based vaccines

Khromykh, A. (2005). Kunjin (West Nile) virus-based vaccines. In: Novel vaccines against infectious diseases - Developed countries meet developing countries. Novel Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases, Semmering, Austria, (Abstract). 14-17 April, 2005.

Requirement of flavivirus Kunjin NS3 translation in cis for packaging of viral RNA

Pijlman, G. P. and Khromykh, A. (2005). Requirement of flavivirus Kunjin NS3 translation in cis for packaging of viral RNA. In: 24th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology. 24th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Pennsylvania, (136-136). 18-22 June, 2005.

The role of the nonstructural protein NS2A in flavivirus assembly

Leung, J, Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. and Pijlman, G. P. (2005). The role of the nonstructural protein NS2A in flavivirus assembly. In: 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting. 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting, Phillip Is, (35-35). 9-12 Dec, 2005.

West Nile manipulates cholesterol balance affecting the lipid raft formation and function

Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. and Parton, R. G. (2005). West Nile manipulates cholesterol balance affecting the lipid raft formation and function. In: 24th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology. 24th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Pennsylvania, (176-176). 18-22 June, 2005.

Identification of a region of the flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) involved in dimerization

Clark, D. C., Khromykh, A. A., Mackenzie, J. S. and Hall, R. A. (2001). Identification of a region of the flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) involved in dimerization. In: 1st Australian Virology Group Meeting. 1st Australian Virology Group Meeting, Fraser Island, (P1.39-P1.39). December, 2001.

The role of conserved RNA structures in the untranslated regions of the flavivirus genome in viral replication

Cartwright, L., Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A., Poidinger, M. and Mackenzie, J. S. (2001). The role of conserved RNA structures in the untranslated regions of the flavivirus genome in viral replication. In: Programme and abstracts, 8th Arbovirus Research in Australia Conference. 8th Arbovirus Research Symposium, Couran Cove, Qld, (36 (Abstract)). 3-7 July, 2000.

Investigation of the structure and function of the flavivirus non-coding regions

Cartwright, L., Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A. A., Mackenzie, J. S. and Poidinger, M. (1999). Investigation of the structure and function of the flavivirus non-coding regions. In: Abstract Book, 11th International Congress of Virology. 11th International Congress of Virology, Sydney, (251). 9-13 August 1999.

Loss of dimerisation of the NS1 protein of Kunjin virus slows replication in cell culture and reduces virulence in mice

Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A. A., Poidinger, M., Scherret, J., Mackenzie, J. M., MacKenzie, J. S. and Khromykh, T. (1999). Loss of dimerisation of the NS1 protein of Kunjin virus slows replication in cell culture and reduces virulence in mice. In: Abstract Book, 11th International Congress of Virology. 11th International Congress of Virology, Sydney, (121). 9-13 August 1999.

The effect of glycoslation of the envelope protein in Kujin replication and pathogenesis

Scherret, J., Khromykh, A. A., Calvert, A. E., Mackenzie, J. S. and Hall, R. A. (1999). The effect of glycoslation of the envelope protein in Kujin replication and pathogenesis. In: Abstract Book, 11th International Congress of Virology. 11th International Congress of Virology, Sydney, (252). 9-13 August 1999.

Immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing structural and part of the nonstructural region of tick-borne encephalitis virus cDNA protect mice against lethal encephalitis

Dmitriev, IP, Khromykh, AA, Ignatyev, GM, Gainullina, MN, Ageenko, VA, Dryga, SA, Vorobyeva, MS and Sandakhchiev, LS (1996). Immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing structural and part of the nonstructural region of tick-borne encephalitis virus cDNA protect mice against lethal encephalitis. In: Symposium on New Approaches to Vaccine Development (NAVD 95), Vienna Austria, (97-103). Apr 11-14, 1995. doi:10.1016/0168-1656(95)00141-7