Emeritus Professor Stephen Birch

Emeritus Professor

Centre for the Business and Economics of Health

Faculty of Business, Economics and Law

stephen.birch@uq.edu.au

Overview

Professor Stephen Birch commenced in 2018 as Director and Taylor Family Chair of UQ’s Centre for the Business and Economics of Health.

He is also a senior scientist at the WHO Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning at Dalhousie University, Canada, and also holds visiting professorial appointments at the University of Manchester, UK (since 2006) and the University of Technology, Sydney (since 2003).

Professor Birch is a pioneer in the field of health economics. He has developed and applied new methods for the economic evaluation of health care systems, with particular emphasis on equity in health care resource allocation, and needs-based approaches to health care funding and health workforce planning.

Prior to joining UQ, Professor Birch was a professor of health economics at McMaster University, Canada, for almost three decades. He has also worked at the Medical Care Research Unit, Sheffield University, UK and at the Centre for Health Economics, York University, UK. He has held honorary appointments at dental schools in Toronto and Malmo (Sweden) and the School of Public Health at Cape Town (South Africa).

Professor Birch holds a Doctor of Philosophy in economics from York University (UK), a Master of Science in fiscal studies from Bath University (UK), and a Bachelor of Arts in economics from Sheffield University.

During his career, Professor Birch has been a consultant with WHO and the World Bank, as well as serving on many national and provincial health department expert panels and advisory councils for health workforce planning in Canada and the UK. From 2015 to 2017, he served on the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences expert panel on improving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada.

Professor Birch has published more than 250 research papers with particular interests in health service and health workforce planning, access to care in underserved populations and needs-based allocation of resources and provider remuneration.

From 1997-2012, he served as Senior Editor for the leading academic journal, Social Science & Medicine. He currently serves on the editorial advisory boards of Social Science & Medicine & Health and Social Care in the Community.

Qualifications

Doctor of Philosophy, University of York

Publications

Journal Article: The consideration of clinicians' time needed to treat by guideline developers is not a solution to the scarcity of healthcare resources problem

Gafni, Amiram, Mercuri, Mathew and Birch, Stephen (2023). The consideration of clinicians' time needed to treat by guideline developers is not a solution to the scarcity of healthcare resources problem. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. doi: 10.1111/jep.13901
Journal Article: From population numbers to population needs: Incorporating epidemiological change into health service planning in Australia

Lenzen, Sabrina and Birch, Stephen (2023). From population numbers to population needs: Incorporating epidemiological change into health service planning in Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 328 115972, 115972. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115972
Journal Article: General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: a discrete choice experiment

Zhang, Nan, Chang, Xuan, Liu, Ruyue, Zheng, Caiyun, Wang, Xin and Birch, Stephen (2023). General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: a discrete choice experiment. Cancer Medicine, 12 (6), 7485-7497. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5473

View all Publications

Grants

ARC Research Hub for Advanced Manufacture of Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals

(2023–2028) ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hubs
Incorporating the gains from healthy ageing in health system planning

(2022–2025) ARC Discovery Projects
Developing Cultural Sensitivity and Capability through Communication Training for Mental Health Professionals (MRFF Indigenous Health Research Grant led by QIMRB)

(2021–2023) Queensland Institute of Medical Research

View all Grants

Supervision

Investing in health as a pathway to improved economic performance

Doctor Philosophy
Exploring the complex relationships between pre-existing conditions and cancer diagnosis in an ageing population

Doctor Philosophy
Uncertainty, Learning and Growth Dynamics in Export Markets

Doctor Philosophy

View all Supervision

Publications

Book Chapter

Population needs, opportunity costs and economic methods for financial sustainability in health care systems

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2017). Population needs, opportunity costs and economic methods for financial sustainability in health care systems. The future of health economics. (pp. 169-180) edited by Olivier Ethgen and Ulf Staginnus. New York, United States: Routledge.
Benefit evaluation in health economic studies

Gafni, A. and Birch, S. (2013). Benefit evaluation in health economic studies. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine. (pp. 204-208) edited by Marc Gellman and J. Rick Turner. New York, United States: Springer-Verlag.
Cost effectiveness

Birch, S. and Gafni, A. (2013). Cost effectiveness. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine. (pp. 512-515) edited by Marc Gellman and J. Rick Turner. New York, United States: Springer-Verlag.
Health economics

Birch, S. and Gafni, A. (2013). Health economics. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine. (pp. 915-917) edited by Marc Gellman and J. Rick Turner. New York, United States: Springer-Verlag.
Decision rules in economic evaluation revisted

Birch, S. and Gafni, A. (2012). Decision rules in economic evaluation revisted. The Elgar Companion to Health Economics. (pp. 528-538) edited by Andrew M. Jones. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.
The inconvenient truth of economic evaluation: Benefits forgone as a determinant of efficiency and implications for decision–making

Birch, S. and Gafni, A. (2011). The inconvenient truth of economic evaluation: Benefits forgone as a determinant of efficiency and implications for decision–making. Improving health and health care: Who is responsible? Who is accountable?. (pp. 606-622) edited by Bruce Rosen, Avi Israeli and Stephen Shortell. The Israel National Institute for Health Policy: Jerusalem, Israel.
Complex problems or simple solutions? Enhancing evidence-based economics to reflect reality

Lessard, Chantale and Birch, Stephen (2010). Complex problems or simple solutions? Enhancing evidence-based economics to reflect reality. Evidence‐Based Decisions and Economics: Health Care, Social Welfare, Education and Criminal Justice. (pp. 162-172) edited by Ian Shemilt, Miranda Mugford, Luke Vale, Kevin Marsh and Cam Donaldson. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1002/9781444320398.ch13
Decision rules in economic evaluation

Birch, S. and Gafni, A. (2006). Decision rules in economic evaluation. The Elgar companion to health economics. (pp. 492-502) edited by Andrew M. Jones. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.
Environmental determinants of health care expenditures

Jerrett, M., Eyles, J., Dufournaud, C. and Birch, S. (2005). Environmental determinants of health care expenditures. Research advances in environmental epidemiology. edited by R. Mohan. Kerala, India: Global Research Network.
Evidence-based health economics: answers in search of questions?

Birch, S. and Gafni, A. (2004). Evidence-based health economics: answers in search of questions?. Evidence based medicine in its place. (pp. 50-61) edited by I. Kristiansen and Gavin Mooney. New York, NY, United States: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203493694
Making the problem fit the solution: evidence-based decision-making and "Dolly" economics

Birch, Stephen (2002). Making the problem fit the solution: evidence-based decision-making and "Dolly" economics. Evidence-based health economics. (pp. Unknown-Unknown) edited by Cam Donaldson, Miranda Mugford and Luke Vale. London, United Kingdom: BMJ Books.
Access to family physician services in Canada

Eyles, J., Birch, S. and Newbold, B. (1997). Access to family physician services in Canada. Small world: readings in sociology. (pp. 293-302) edited by L. Tepperman, J. Curtis, S. Wilson and A Wain. Scarborough, ON, Canada: Prentice Hall.
Cost effectiveness and cost utility analyses: methods for the non-economic evaluation of health care programs and how we can do better

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (1996). Cost effectiveness and cost utility analyses: methods for the non-economic evaluation of health care programs and how we can do better. Managing technology in healthcare. (pp. 51-67) Boston, MA, United States: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1415-8_4
Equity and efficiency in health-care delivery: the distribution of health-care resources in Canada and its relationship to needs for care

Birch, S. and Eyles, J. (1992). Equity and efficiency in health-care delivery: the distribution of health-care resources in Canada and its relationship to needs for care. Health Systems - The Challenge of Change. (pp. 97-100) Prague, Czech Republic: Omnipress.
Prescription charges in the UK: Lessons for Eastern Europe

Ryan, M. and Birch, S. (1992). Prescription charges in the UK: Lessons for Eastern Europe. Health Systems - The Challenge of Change. (pp. 728-731) edited by M. Chytil, G. Duru, W. von Eimeren and C. Flagle. Prague, Czech Republic: Omnipress.
Incentives to be healthy: an economic model of health-related behaviour

Birch, S. and Stoddart, G. (1991). Incentives to be healthy: an economic model of health-related behaviour. Incentives in health systems. (pp. 169-187) edited by G. Lopez Casasnovas. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Performance indicators

Birch, S. and Maynard, A. (1988). Performance indicators. Reshaping the National Health Service. (pp. 51-64) Oxford, United Kingdom: Transaction Books.
Regional equity in health care provision

Birch, S. and Maynard A. (1988). Regional equity in health care provision. System Science in Health Care: Health care system and actors. (pp. 203-206) Paris, France: Masson.
Testing for supplier-inducement in UK dentistry

Birch, S. (1988). Testing for supplier-inducement in UK dentistry. System science in health care: health care system and actors. (pp. 685-688) edited by G. Duru, R. Englebrecht, C. Flagle and W. van Eimeren. Paris, France: Masson.
The Cassel Hospital follow-up study

Rosser, R., Birch, S., Bond, H., Denford, J., Schacter, J. and Williams, A. (1986). The Cassel Hospital follow-up study. Psychosomatic Research. (pp. 49-54) edited by J. Lacey and D. Sturgeon. London, United Kingdom: John Libbey.
Public expenditure planning for health and personal social services

Birch, S. and Maynard, A. (1985). Public expenditure planning for health and personal social services. Public Expenditure Policy 1985-6. (pp. 223-242) edited by P. Cockle. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan.

Journal Article

The consideration of clinicians' time needed to treat by guideline developers is not a solution to the scarcity of healthcare resources problem

Gafni, Amiram, Mercuri, Mathew and Birch, Stephen (2023). The consideration of clinicians' time needed to treat by guideline developers is not a solution to the scarcity of healthcare resources problem. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. doi: 10.1111/jep.13901
From population numbers to population needs: Incorporating epidemiological change into health service planning in Australia

Lenzen, Sabrina and Birch, Stephen (2023). From population numbers to population needs: Incorporating epidemiological change into health service planning in Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 328 115972, 115972. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115972
General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: a discrete choice experiment

Zhang, Nan, Chang, Xuan, Liu, Ruyue, Zheng, Caiyun, Wang, Xin and Birch, Stephen (2023). General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: a discrete choice experiment. Cancer Medicine, 12 (6), 7485-7497. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5473
Yarning about pain: Evaluating communication training for health professionals at persistent pain services in Queensland, Australia

Bernardes, Christina M, Ekberg, Stuart, Birch, Stephen, Claus, Andrew, Bryant, Matthew, Meuter, Renata, Isua, Jermaine, Gray, Paul, Kluver, Joseph P, Malacova, Eva, Jones, Corey, Houkamau, Kushla, Taylor, Marayah, Lin, Ivan and Pratt, Gregory (2023). Yarning about pain: Evaluating communication training for health professionals at persistent pain services in Queensland, Australia. British Journal of Pain, 17 (3), 306-319. doi: 10.1177/20494637221149831
Communication and access to healthcare: Experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people managing pain in Queensland, Australia

Bernardes, Christina Maresch, Houkamau, Kushla, Lin, Ivan, Taylor, Marayah, Birch, Stephen, Claus, Andrew, Bryant, Matthew, Meuter, Renata, Isua, Jermaine, Gray, Paul, Kluver, Joseph P, Jones, Corey, Ekberg, Stuart and Pratt, Gregory (2022). Communication and access to healthcare: Experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people managing pain in Queensland, Australia. Frontiers in Pain Research, 3 1041968, 1-18. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1041968
Relationships between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, burnout and job performance of healthcare professionals in a district-level health care system of Shenzhen, China

Wang, Xin, Li, Chaofan, Chen, Yuanqing, Zheng, Caiyun, Zhang, Fei, Huang, Yixiang and Birch, Stephen (2022). Relationships between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, burnout and job performance of healthcare professionals in a district-level health care system of Shenzhen, China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13 992258, 1-10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992258
Equity in maternal and child health care utilization in Guangdong province of China 2009–2019: A retrospective analysis

Wang, Xin, Zhu, Yingxian, Liu, Jia, Ma, Yuanzhu and Birch, Stephen (2022). Equity in maternal and child health care utilization in Guangdong province of China 2009–2019: A retrospective analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10 963344, 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.963344
The effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax: moving beyond dental health outcomes and service utilisation

Sowa, P. Marcin and Birch, Stephen (2022). The effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax: moving beyond dental health outcomes and service utilisation. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 18 (2), 1-15. doi: 10.1017/s1744133122000147
Disposable and reusable instruments in dental health practice: a comparison of cost factors in a public provider organization in Queensland, Australia

Sowa, P. Marcin, Fooken, Jonas, McGowan, Kelly and Birch, Stephen (2022). Disposable and reusable instruments in dental health practice: a comparison of cost factors in a public provider organization in Queensland, Australia. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 51 (5), 794-803. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12764
Clinician perspectives of communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders managing pain: needs and preferences

Bernardes, Christina M., Ekberg, Stuart, Birch, Stephen, Meuter, Renata F. I., Claus, Andrew, Bryant, Matthew, Isua, Jermaine, Gray, Paul, Kluver, Joseph P., Williamson, Daniel, Jones, Corey, Houkamau, Kushla, Taylor, Marayah, Malacova, Eva, Lin, Ivan and Pratt, Gregory (2022). Clinician perspectives of communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders managing pain: needs and preferences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (3) 1572, 1-17. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031572
Global priorities for climate change and mental health research

Charlson, Fiona, Ali, Suhailah, Augustinavicius, Jura, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Birch, Stephen, Clayton, Susan, Fielding, Kelly, Jones, Lynne, Juma, Damian, Snider, Leslie, Ugo, Victor, Zeitz, Lian, Jayawardana, Danusha, La Nauze, Andrea and Massazza, Alessandro (2022). Global priorities for climate change and mental health research. Environment International, 158 106984, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106984
The health service impact of an occupational therapy practice placement model: Student-resourced service delivery of groups

Pigott, A., Patterson, F., Birch, S., Oakley, P., Doig, E. and Impact of SRSD of Groups Placement Project Team (2022). The health service impact of an occupational therapy practice placement model: Student-resourced service delivery of groups. Focus On Health Professional Education, 23 (2), 21-34. doi: 10.11157/fohpe.v23i2.525
Weighing up the benefits and challenges of hosting physiotherapy student placements in private practice; a qualitative exploration

Forbes, Roma, Dinsdale, Alana, Dunwoodie, Ruth, Birch, Stephen and Brauer, Sandra (2022). Weighing up the benefits and challenges of hosting physiotherapy student placements in private practice; a qualitative exploration. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 38 (6), 794-804. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1799461
An eReferral management and triage system for minor oral surgery referrals from primary care dentists: a cost-effectiveness evaluation

Hill, Harry, Birch, Stephen, Tickle, Martin, Petty, Iain and Goldthorpe, Joanna (2021). An eReferral management and triage system for minor oral surgery referrals from primary care dentists: a cost-effectiveness evaluation. BMC Health Services Research, 21 (1) 781, 781. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06775-9
Study protocol: Clinical yarning, a communication training program for clinicians supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with persistent pain: A multicentre intervention feasibility study using mixed methods

Bernardes, Christina M., Lin, Ivan, Birch, Stephen, Meuter, Renata, Claus, Andrew, Bryant, Matthew, Isua, Jermaine, Gray, Paul, Kluver, Joseph P., Ekberg, Stuart and Pratt, Gregory (2021). Study protocol: Clinical yarning, a communication training program for clinicians supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with persistent pain: A multicentre intervention feasibility study using mixed methods. Public Health in Practice, 3 100221, 100221. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100221
Physiotherapy student clinical placements in Australian private practice: patient‐reported outcomes with supervised student care

Chia, Ruo Xin, Gomersall, Sjaan R., Fooken, Jonas, Birch, Stephen, Dinsdale, Alana, Dunwoodie, Ruth and Forbes, Roma (2021). Physiotherapy student clinical placements in Australian private practice: patient‐reported outcomes with supervised student care. Physiotherapy Research International, 27 (1) e1929, 1-9. doi: 10.1002/pri.1929
Eliciting preferences of providers in primary care settings for post hospital discharge patient follow-up

Wang, Xin, Song, Kuimeng, Chen, Lijin, Huang, Yixiang and Birch, Stephen (2021). Eliciting preferences of providers in primary care settings for post hospital discharge patient follow-up. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (16) 8317. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168317
A Review of Web-Based Tools for Value-of-Information Analysis

Tuffaha, Haitham, Rothery, Claire, Kunst, Natalia, Jackson, Chris, Strong, Mark and Birch, Stephen (2021). A Review of Web-Based Tools for Value-of-Information Analysis. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 19 (5), 645-651. doi: 10.1007/s40258-021-00662-4
Student-resourced service delivery of occupational therapy rehabilitation groups: patient, clinician and student perspectives about the ingredients for success

Patterson, Freyr, Doig, Emmah, Fleming, Jenny, Strong, Jenny, Birch, Stephen, Whitehead, Mary, Laracy, Sue, Fitzgerald, Cate, Tornatore, Giovanna, McKenzie, Amy, Searles, Jacqueline and Pigott, Amanda (2021). Student-resourced service delivery of occupational therapy rehabilitation groups: patient, clinician and student perspectives about the ingredients for success. Disability and Rehabilitation, 44 (18), 1-12. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1922517
A validation study of the rainbow model of integrated care-measurement tool for patients in China

Wang, Xin, Birch, Stephen, Chen, Lijin, Huang, Yixiang and Valentijn, Pim (2021). A validation study of the rainbow model of integrated care-measurement tool for patients in China. International Journal of Integrated Care, 21 (2) 5, 5. doi: 10.5334/ijic.5603
Hosting pre-registration physiotherapy students in Australian private practices does not change service and economic outcomes; an economic analysis

Forbes, Roma, Dinsdale, Alana, Brauer, Sandra G., Dunwoodie, Ruth, Fooken, Jonas, Khanna, Diana and Birch, Stephen (2021). Hosting pre-registration physiotherapy students in Australian private practices does not change service and economic outcomes; an economic analysis. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 52 102318, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102318
Incorporating portfolio uncertainty in decision rules for healthcare resource allocation

Sendi, Pedram, Gafni, Amiram, Birch, Stephen and Walter, Stephen D. (2021). Incorporating portfolio uncertainty in decision rules for healthcare resource allocation. Healthcare, 9 (3) 325. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9030325
Planning the oral health workforce: time for innovation

Birch, Stephen, Ahern, Susan, Brocklehurst, Paul, Chikte, Usuf, Gallagher, Jennifer, Listl, Stefan, Lalloo, Ratilal, O'Malley, Lucy, Rigby, Janet, Tickle, Martin, Tomblin Murphy, Gail and Woods, Noel (2021). Planning the oral health workforce: time for innovation. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 49 (1), 17-22. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12604
How effective and cost-effective is water fluoridation for adults? Protocol for a 10-year retrospective cohort study

Moore, Deborah, Allen, Thomas, Birch, Stephen, Tickle, Martin, Walsh, Tanya and Pretty, Iain A. (2021). How effective and cost-effective is water fluoridation for adults? Protocol for a 10-year retrospective cohort study. BDJ Open, 7 (1) 3, 1-9. doi: 10.1038/s41405-021-00062-9
Reorienting oral health services to prevention: economic perspectives

Vernazza, C. R., Birch, S. and Pitts, N. B. (2021). Reorienting oral health services to prevention: economic perspectives. Journal of Dental Research, 100 (6), 22034520986794-582. doi: 10.1177/0022034520986794
Workforce Planning Models for Oral Health Care: A Scoping Review

O’Malley, L., Macey, R., Allen, T., Brocklehurst, P., Thomson, F., Rigby, J., Lalloo, R., Tomblin Murphy, G., Birch, S. and Tickle, M. (2020). Workforce Planning Models for Oral Health Care: A Scoping Review. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 7 (1) 238008442097958, 238008442097958-24. doi: 10.1177/2380084420979585
Modelling the economic impact of COVID19 under different policy choices: Mitigation versus suppression when time is a scarce resource

Birch, Stephen (2020). Modelling the economic impact of COVID19 under different policy choices: Mitigation versus suppression when time is a scarce resource. SSM - Population Health, 12 100667, 1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100667
Provision of home medicines reviews in Australia: linking population need with service provision and available pharmacist workforce

Spinks, Jean, Birch, Stephen, Wheeler, Amanda J., Nissen, Lisa, Freeman, Christopher, Thai, Thao and Byrnes, Joshua (2020). Provision of home medicines reviews in Australia: linking population need with service provision and available pharmacist workforce. Australian Health Review, 44 (6), 973-982. doi: 10.1071/ah19207
Option B+ Program for the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV: A Case Study in Johannesburg, South Africa

Bisnauth, Melanie A., Coovadia, Ashraf, Mbuagbaw, Lawrence, Wilson, Michael G. and Birch, Stephen (2020). Option B+ Program for the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV: A Case Study in Johannesburg, South Africa. Frontiers in Public Health, 8 533534, 1-14. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.533534
Exploring strategies used by physiotherapy private practices in hosting student clinical placements

Forbes, Roma, Dinsdale, Alana, Dunwoodie, Ruth, Birch, Stephen and Brauer, Sandy (2020). Exploring strategies used by physiotherapy private practices in hosting student clinical placements. Australian Journal of Clinical Education, 7 (1). doi: 10.53300/001c.17206
Sustainability of publicly funded health care systems: what does behavioural economics offer?

Connelly, Luke B. and Birch, Stephen (2020). Sustainability of publicly funded health care systems: what does behavioural economics offer?. PharmacoEconomics, 38 (12), 1289-1295. doi: 10.1007/s40273-020-00955-x
Opportunities for, and implications of, skill mix changes in health care pathways: pay, productivity and practice variations in a needs-based planning framework

Birch, Stephen, Gibson, Jon and McBride, Anne (2020). Opportunities for, and implications of, skill mix changes in health care pathways: pay, productivity and practice variations in a needs-based planning framework. Social Science and Medicine, 250 112863, 112863. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112863
Answers in search of questions: what does the comparison of COVID19 data among regions in Northern Italy tell us?

Connelly, Luke and Birch, Stephen (2020). Answers in search of questions: what does the comparison of COVID19 data among regions in Northern Italy tell us?. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 17 (2), 1-3. doi: 10.1017/S1744133120000377
Area-level variation in children’s unmet need for community-based mental health services: findings from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study

Duncan, Laura, Georgiades, Katholiki, Reid, Graham J., Comeau, Jinette, Birch, Stephen, Wang, Li and Boyle, Michael H. (2020). Area-level variation in children’s unmet need for community-based mental health services: findings from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 47 (5), 665-679. doi: 10.1007/s10488-020-01016-3
Impact of changing provider remuneration on NHS general dental practitioner services in Northern Ireland: a mixed-methods study

Brocklehurst, Paul, Tickle, Martin, Birch, Stephen, McDonald, Ruth, Walsh, Tanya, Goodwin, Tom Lloyd, Hill, Harry, Howarth, Elizabeth, Donaldson, Michael, O’Carolan, Donncha, Fitzpatrick, Sandy, McCrory, Gillian and Slee, Carolyn (2020). Impact of changing provider remuneration on NHS general dental practitioner services in Northern Ireland: a mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 8 (6), 1-138. doi: 10.3310/hsdr08060
The impact of changing provider remuneration on clinical activity and quality of care: evaluation of a pilot NHS contract in Northern Ireland

Hill, Harry, Howarth, Elizabeth, Walsh, Tanya, Tickle, Martin, Birch, Stephen and Brocklehurst, Paul (2020). The impact of changing provider remuneration on clinical activity and quality of care: evaluation of a pilot NHS contract in Northern Ireland. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 48 (5) cdoe.12544, 395-401. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12544
How do type 2 diabetes patients value urban integrated primary care in China? Results of a discrete choice experiment

Wang, Xin, Song, Kuimeng, Zhu, Paiyi, Valentijn, Pim, Huang, Yixiang and Birch, Stephen (2019). How do type 2 diabetes patients value urban integrated primary care in China? Results of a discrete choice experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (1) 117, 117. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010117
What is health economics?

Listl, S., Grytten, J. I. and Birch, S. (2019). What is health economics?. Community Dental Health, 36 (4), 262-274. doi: 10.1922/CDH_4581Listl13
People engagement in health-care system transition in China

Wang, Xin, Huang, Yixiang and Birch, Stephen (2019). People engagement in health-care system transition in China. The Lancet Public Health, 4 (9), e446-e446. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30106-9
Models of evaluation under ceteris imparibus: System dynamics and the example of emergency care

McAvoy, Susan, Staib, Andrew and Birch, Stephen (2019). Models of evaluation under ceteris imparibus: System dynamics and the example of emergency care. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 37 (2), 211-222. doi: 10.1002/sres.2615
Needs-based planning for the oral health workforce - Development and application of a simulation model

Ahern, Susan, Woods, Noel, Kalmus, Olivier, Birch, Stephen and Listl, Stefan (2019). Needs-based planning for the oral health workforce - Development and application of a simulation model. Human Resources for Health, 17 (1) 55, 55. doi: 10.1186/s12960-019-0394-0
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost benefit of prescribing high dose fluoride toothpaste in preventing and treating dental caries in high-risk older adults (reflect trial)

Tickle, M., Ricketts, D. J. N., Duncan, A., O'Malley, L., Donaldson, P. M., Clarkson, J. E., Black, M., Boyers, D., Donaldson, M., Floate, R., Forrest, M. M., Fraser, A., Glenny, A. M., Goulao, B., McDonald, A., Ramsay, C. R., Ross, C., Walsh, T., Worthington, H., Young, L., Bonetti, D. L., Gouick, J., Mitchell, F. E., Macpherson, L. E., Lin, Y. L., Pretty, I. A. and Birch, S. (2019). Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost benefit of prescribing high dose fluoride toothpaste in preventing and treating dental caries in high-risk older adults (reflect trial). BMC Oral Health, 19 (1) 88, 88. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0749-x
Willingness to pay for mandibular overdentures: A societal perspective

Srivastava, A., Esfandiari, S., Madathil, S. A., Birch, S. and Feine, J. S. (2019). Willingness to pay for mandibular overdentures: A societal perspective. JDR Clinical and Translational Research, 5 (1), 2380084419849870-39. doi: 10.1177/2380084419849870
Children’s mental health need and expenditures in Ontario: findings from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study

Duncan, Laura, Georgiades, Katholiki, Birch, Stephen, Comeau, Jinette, Wang, Li and Boyle, Michael H. (2019). Children’s mental health need and expenditures in Ontario: findings from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64 (4), 275-284. doi: 10.1177/0706743719830036
Demand-based models and market failure in health care: projecting shortages and surpluses in doctors and nurses

Birch, Stephen (2019). Demand-based models and market failure in health care: projecting shortages and surpluses in doctors and nurses. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 14 (2), 1-3. doi: 10.1017/S1744133118000336
Who Are High Users of Hospitals in Canada? Findings From a Population-Based Study

Wilson, Donna M., Shen, Ye and Birch, Stephen (2019). Who Are High Users of Hospitals in Canada? Findings From a Population-Based Study. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 51 (4), 245-254. doi: 10.1177/0844562119833584
Low prioritization of latent tuberculosis infection-A systemic barrier to tuberculosis control: A qualitative study in Ontario, Canada

Milinkovic, Deborah A., Birch, Stephen, Scott, Fran, Newbold, K. Bruce, Hopkins, Jessica, Saffie, Muntasir and Essue, Beverley M. (2019). Low prioritization of latent tuberculosis infection-A systemic barrier to tuberculosis control: A qualitative study in Ontario, Canada. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 34 (1), 384-395. doi: 10.1002/hpm.2670
People-centred integrated care in urban China

Wang, Xin, Sun, Xizhuo, Birch, Stephen, Gong, Fangfang, Valentijn, Pim, Chen, Lijin, Zhang, Yong, Huang, Yixiang and Yang, Hongwei (2018). People-centred integrated care in urban China. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96 (12), 843-852. doi: 10.2471/BLT.18.214908
The location of death and dying across Canada: a study illustrating the socio-political context of death and dying

Wilson, Donna M., Shen, Ye, Errasti-Ibarrondo, Begona and Birch, Stephen (2018). The location of death and dying across Canada: a study illustrating the socio-political context of death and dying. Societies, 8 (4) 112, 112. doi: 10.3390/soc8040112
The Luohu model: a template for integrated urban healthcare systems in China

Wang, Xin, Sun, Xizhuo, Gong, Fangfang, Huang, Yixiang, Chen, Lijin, Zhang, Yong and Birch, Stephen (2018). The Luohu model: a template for integrated urban healthcare systems in China. International Journal of Integrated Care, 18 (4) 3, 3. doi: 10.5334/ijic.3955
A scoping review of research to assess the frequency, types, and reasons for end-of-life care setting transitions

Wilson, Donna M. and Birch, Stephen (2018). A scoping review of research to assess the frequency, types, and reasons for end-of-life care setting transitions. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48 (4), 1-6. doi: 10.1177/1403494818785042
Health workforce planning: which countries include nurse practitioners and physician assistants and to what effect?

Maier, Claudia B., Batenburg, Ronald, Birch, Stephen, Zander, Britta, Elliott, Robert and Busse, Reinhard (2018). Health workforce planning: which countries include nurse practitioners and physician assistants and to what effect?. Health Policy, 122 (10), 1085-1092. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.07.016
Willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening and effect of copayment in Southern Thailand

Saengow, Udomsak, Birch, Stephen, Geater, Alan and Chongsuwiwatvong, Virasakdi (2018). Willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening and effect of copayment in Southern Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 19 (6), 1727-1734. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.6.1727
Better data to drive more effective care for people with latent tuberculosis infection in Canada

Essue, Beverley M., Milinkovic, Deborah and Birch, Stephen (2018). Better data to drive more effective care for people with latent tuberculosis infection in Canada. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 190 (23), E700-E701. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180488
Oral health behaviours of parents and young children in a practice-based caries prevention trial in Northern Ireland

O'Malley, Lucy, Worthington, Helen V., Donaldson, Michael, O'Neil, Ciaran, Birch, Stephen, Noble, Solveig, Killough, Seamus, Murphy, Lynn, Greer, Margaret, Brodison, Julie, Verghis, Rejina and Tickle, Martin (2018). Oral health behaviours of parents and young children in a practice-based caries prevention trial in Northern Ireland. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 46 (3), 251-257. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12357
Task shifting between physicians and nurses in acute care hospitals: cross-sectional study in nine countries

Maier, Claudia B., Köppen, Julia, Busse, Reinhard, Bond, Christine, Elliott, Robert, Bruhn, Hanne, Mclaggan, Debbie, Archibald, Daryll, Ryan, Mandy, Skatun, Diane, Heidenreich, Sebastian, Vlcek, Frantisek, Zvonickova, Marie, Hodyc, Daniel, Svobodová, Hana, Sutton, Matthew, Gibson, Jonathan, McBride, Anne, McDonald, James, Birch, Steve, Zander, Britta, Stahl, Juliane, Coretti, Silvia, Codella, Paola, Ruggeri, Matteo, van Exel, Job, de Bont, Antoinette, Luyendjk, Marianne, Wallenburg, Iris ... Güldem Ökem, Z. (2018). Task shifting between physicians and nurses in acute care hospitals: cross-sectional study in nine countries. Human Resources for Health, 16 (1) 24, 1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12960-018-0285-9
Moving from place to place in the last year of life: a qualitative study identifying care setting transition issues and solutions in Ontario

Wilson, Donna M. and Birch, Stephen (2018). Moving from place to place in the last year of life: a qualitative study identifying care setting transition issues and solutions in Ontario. Health and Social Care in the Community, 26 (2), 232-239. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12513
Barriers to treatment adherence for individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the literature

Liu, Yisi , Birch, Stephen , Newbold, K. Bruce and Essue, Beverley M. (2018). Barriers to treatment adherence for individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the literature. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33 (2), e416-e433. doi: 10.1002/hpm.2495
An evaluation of a referral management and triage system for oral surgery referrals from primary care dentists: a mixed-methods study

Goldthorpe, Joanna, Walsh, Tanya, Tickle, Martin, Birch, Stephen, Hill, Harry, Sanders, Caroline, Coulthard, Paul and Pretty, Iain A (2018). An evaluation of a referral management and triage system for oral surgery referrals from primary care dentists: a mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 6 (8), 1-126. doi: 10.3310/hsdr06080
The impact of cone beam CT on financial costs and orthodontists' treatment decisions in the management of maxillary canines with eruption disturbance

Christell, Helena, Birch, Stephen, Bondemark, Lars, Horner, Keith, Lindh, Christina and The SEDENTEXCT consortium (2018). The impact of cone beam CT on financial costs and orthodontists' treatment decisions in the management of maxillary canines with eruption disturbance. European Journal of Orthodontics, 40 (1), 65-73. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjx039
Socioeconomic disparities in orthodontic treatment outcomes and expenditure on orthodontics in England's state-funded National Health Service: a retrospective observational study

Price, Juliet, Whittaker, William, Birch, Stephen, Brocklehurst, Paul and Tickle, Martin (2017). Socioeconomic disparities in orthodontic treatment outcomes and expenditure on orthodontics in England's state-funded National Health Service: a retrospective observational study. BMC Oral Health, 17 (1) 123, 123. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0414-1
An integrated needs-based approach to health service and health workforce planning: applications for pandemic influenza

Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Birch, Stephen, Mackenzie, Adrian, Rigby, Janet and Langley, Joanne (2017). An integrated needs-based approach to health service and health workforce planning: applications for pandemic influenza. Healthcare Policy, 13 (1), 28-42. doi: 10.12927/hcpol.2017.25193
The technical efficiency of oral healthcare provision: Evaluating role substitution in National Health Service dental practices in England

Hill, Harry, Birch, Stephen, Tickle, Martin, McDonald, Ruth and Brocklehurst, Paul (2017). The technical efficiency of oral healthcare provision: Evaluating role substitution in National Health Service dental practices in England. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 45 (4), 310-316. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12292
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Caries Prevention in Dental Practice

Tickle, M., O'Neill, C., Donaldson, M., Birch, S., Noble, S., Killough, S., Murphy, L., Greer, M., Brodison, J., Verghis, R. and Worthington, H. V. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Caries Prevention in Dental Practice. Journal of Dental Research, 96 (7), 741-746. doi: 10.1177/0022034517702330
Cost-effectiveness of caries prevention in practice: a randomized controlled trial

O'Neill, C., Worthington, H. V., Donaldson, M., Birch, S., Noble, S., Killough, S., Murphy, L., Greer, M., Brodison, J., Verghis, R. and Tickle, M. (2017). Cost-effectiveness of caries prevention in practice: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Dental Research, 96 (8), 875-880. doi: 10.1177/0022034517708968
New Evidence on End-of-Life Hospital Utilization for Enhanced Health Policy and Services Planning

Wilson, Donna M., Shen, Ye and Birch, Stephen (2017). New Evidence on End-of-Life Hospital Utilization for Enhanced Health Policy and Services Planning. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 20 (7), 752-758. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0490
Retrospective economic analysis of the transfer of services from hospitals to the community: an application to an enhanced eye care service

Mason, Thomas, Jones, Cheryl, Sutton, Matt, Konstantakopoulou, Evgenia, Edgar, David F., Harper, Robert A., Birch, Stephen and Lawrenson, John G. (2017). Retrospective economic analysis of the transfer of services from hospitals to the community: an application to an enhanced eye care service. BMJ Open, 7 (7) e014089, e014089. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014089
Productive efficiency and its determinants in the Community Dental Service in the north-west of England

Hill, Harry, Birch, Stephen, Tickle, Martin, McDonald, Ruth and Brocklehurst, Paul (2017). Productive efficiency and its determinants in the Community Dental Service in the north-west of England. Community Dental Health, 34 (2), 102-106. doi: 10.1922/CDH_4028Hill05
Will the Need-Based Planning of Health Human Resources Currently Undertaken in Several Countries Lead to Excess Supply and Inefficiency? A Comment on Basu and Pak

Birch, Stephen, Murphy, Gail Tomblin, MacKenzie, Adrian, Whittaker, William and Mason, Thomas (2017). Will the Need-Based Planning of Health Human Resources Currently Undertaken in Several Countries Lead to Excess Supply and Inefficiency? A Comment on Basu and Pak. Health Economics, 26 (6), 818-821. doi: 10.1002/hec.3370
Does capitation affect the delivery of oral healthcare and access to services? Evidence from a pilot contact in Northern Ireland

Hill, Harry, Birch, Stephen, Tickle, Martin, McDonald, Ruth, Donaldson, Michael, O'Carolan, Donncha and Brocklehurst, Paul (2017). Does capitation affect the delivery of oral healthcare and access to services? Evidence from a pilot contact in Northern Ireland. BMC Health Services Research, 17 (1) 175, 175. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2117-3
Appropriateness-based reimbursement of elective invasive coronary procedures in low- and middle-income countries: Preliminary assessment of feasibility in India

Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Shirodkar, Umesh, Rajivlochan, Meeta and Birch, Stephen (2017). Appropriateness-based reimbursement of elective invasive coronary procedures in low- and middle-income countries: Preliminary assessment of feasibility in India. National Medical Journal of India, 30 (1), 11-14.
Reflections On the Nice Decision to Reject Patient Production Losses

Shearer, James, Byford, Sarah and Birch, Steve (2017). Reflections On the Nice Decision to Reject Patient Production Losses. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 33 (6), 638-643. doi: 10.1017/S0266462317000952
The drive towards sustainable health systems needs an alignment: Where are the innovations in health systems planning?

Tomblin Murphy, Gail, Birch, Stephen, MacKenzie, Adrian, Rigby, Janet and Purkis, Mary Ellen (2017). The drive towards sustainable health systems needs an alignment: Where are the innovations in health systems planning?. Healthcare Papers, 16 (3), 40-46. doi: 10.12927/hcpap.2017.25081
Simulating future supply of and requirements for human resources for health in high-income OECD countries

Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Birch, Stephen, MacKenzie, Adrian and Rigby, Janet (2016). Simulating future supply of and requirements for human resources for health in high-income OECD countries. Human Resources for Health, 14 (1) 77, 77. doi: 10.1186/s12960-016-0168-x
Unmet Needs Reported by Adults with Chronic Conditions: An Analysis of Data From the Canadian Community Health Survey

Wojkowski, Sarah, Richardson, Julie, Chowhan, James, Boyle, Michael and Birch, Stephen (2016). Unmet Needs Reported by Adults with Chronic Conditions: An Analysis of Data From the Canadian Community Health Survey. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 3 (6), 613-623. doi: 10.15621/ijphy/2016/v3i6/124726
Reconfiguring health workforce: a case-based comparative study explaining the increasingly diverse professional roles in Europe

de Bont, Antoinette, van Exel, Job, Coretti, Silvia, Okem, Zeynep Guldem, Janssen, Maarten, Hope, Kristin Lofthus, Ludwicki, Tomasz, Zander, Britta, Zvonickova, Marie, Bond, Christine, Wallenburg, Iris, MUNROS Team and Birch, Stephen (2016). Reconfiguring health workforce: a case-based comparative study explaining the increasingly diverse professional roles in Europe. BMC Health Services Research, 16 (1) 637. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1898-0
A scoping review of need and unmet need for community based physiotherapy in Canada

Wojkowski, Sarah , Smith, Jenna , Julie Richardson, Stephen Birch and Michael Boyle (2016). A scoping review of need and unmet need for community based physiotherapy in Canada. Journal of Critical Reviews, 3 (4), 17-23. doi: 10.22159/jcr.2016v3i4.14130
Coordination of care in the Chinese health care systems: a gap analysis of service delivery from a provider perspective

Wang, Xin, Birch, Stephen, Zhu, Weiming, Ma, Huifen, Embrett, Mark and Meng, Qingyue (2016). Coordination of care in the Chinese health care systems: a gap analysis of service delivery from a provider perspective. BMC Health Services Research, 16 (1) 571, 571-11. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1813-8
A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for young children attending primary care dental services: the Northern Ireland Caries Prevention In Practice (NIC-PIP) trial

Tickle, Martin, O'Neill, Ciaran, Donaldson, Michael, Birch, Stephen, Noble, Solveig, Killough, Seamus, Murphy, Lynn, Greer, Margaret, Brodison, Julie, Verghis, Rejina and Worthington, Helen V. (2016). A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for young children attending primary care dental services: the Northern Ireland Caries Prevention In Practice (NIC-PIP) trial. Health Technology Assessment, 20 (71), 1-96. doi: 10.3310/hta20710
A synthesis of recent analyses of human resources for health requirements and labour market dynamics in high-income OECD countries

Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Birch, Stephen, MacKenzie, Adrian, Bradish, Stephanie and Rose, Annette Elliott (2016). A synthesis of recent analyses of human resources for health requirements and labour market dynamics in high-income OECD countries. Human Resources for Health, 14 (1) 59, 59. doi: 10.1186/s12960-016-0155-2
The Structure and Effectiveness of Health Systems: Exploring the Impact of System Integration in Rural China

Wang, Xin, Birch, Stephen, Ma, Huifen, Zhu, Weiming and Meng, Qingyue (2016). The Structure and Effectiveness of Health Systems: Exploring the Impact of System Integration in Rural China. International Journal of Integrated Care, 16 (3) 6, 6. doi: 10.5334/ijic.2197
Variations in survival time for amalgam and resin composite restorations: a population based cohort analysis

Birch, S., Price, R., Andreou, P., Jones, G. and Portolesi, A. (2016). Variations in survival time for amalgam and resin composite restorations: a population based cohort analysis. Community Dental Health, 33 (3), 204-208. doi: 10.1922/CDH_3825Birch05
Determining the optimal model for role substitution in NHS dental services in the UK: a mixed-methods study

Brocklehurst, Paul, Birch, Stephen, McDonald, Ruth, Hill, Harry, O’Malley, Lucy, Macey, Richard and Tickle, Martin (2016). Determining the optimal model for role substitution in NHS dental services in the UK: a mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 4 (22), 1-118. doi: 10.3310/hsdr04220
Does treatment collection and observation each day keep the patient away? An analysis of the determinants of adherence among patients with Tuberculosis in South Africa

Birch, Stephen, Govender, Veloshnee, Fried, Jana, Eyles, John, Daries, Vanessa, Moshabela, Mosa and Cleary, Susan (2016). Does treatment collection and observation each day keep the patient away? An analysis of the determinants of adherence among patients with Tuberculosis in South Africa. Health Policy and Planning, 31 (4), 454-461. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czv084
Blunt Policy Instruments Deliver Blunt Policy Outcomes: Why Cost Sharing is Not Effective at Controlling Utilization and Improving Health System Efficiency

Essue, Beverley M. and Birch, Stephen (2016). Blunt Policy Instruments Deliver Blunt Policy Outcomes: Why Cost Sharing is Not Effective at Controlling Utilization and Improving Health System Efficiency. Medical Care, 54 (2), 107-109. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000500
Cohort effects on the need for health care and implications for health care planning in Canada

Whittaker, William, Birch, Stephen, MacKenzie, Adrian and Murphy, Gail Tomblin (2016). Cohort effects on the need for health care and implications for health care planning in Canada. Health Policy, 120 (1), 81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.10.007
The iMpact on practice, oUtcomes and costs of New roles for health pROfeSsionals: a study protocol for MUNROS

Bond, Christine, Bruhn, Hanne, de Bont, Antoinette, van Exel, Job, Busse, Reinhard, Sutton, Matthew, Elliott, Robert, MUNROS team and Birch, Stephen (2016). The iMpact on practice, oUtcomes and costs of New roles for health pROfeSsionals: a study protocol for MUNROS. BMJ Open, 6 (4), e010511. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010511
Better Care and Better Value for Canadians: A Review of RCT Studies of Nurse Interventions

Browne, Gina, Birch, Stephen and Thabane, Lehana (2015). Better Care and Better Value for Canadians: A Review of RCT Studies of Nurse Interventions. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 47 (4), 41-60. doi: 10.1177/084456211504700403
Paying for prevention in clinical practice: Aligning provider remuneration with system objectives

Birch, Stephen (2015). Paying for prevention in clinical practice: Aligning provider remuneration with system objectives. BMC Oral Health, 15 (s1) S7, S7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S7
Prevention in practice - a summary

Birch, Stephen, Bridgman, Colette, Brocklehurst, Paul, Ellwood, Roger, Gomez, Juliana, Helgeson, Michael, Ismail, Amid, Macey, Richard, Mariotti, Angelo, Twetman, Svante, Preshaw, Philip M., Pretty, Iain A. and Whelton, Helen (2015). Prevention in practice - a summary. BMC Oral Health, 15 (S1) S12, S12. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S12
Disability Grant: a precarious lifeline for HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa

Govender, Veloshnee, Fried, Jana, Birch, Stephen, Chimbindi, Natsayi and Cleary, Susan (2015). Disability Grant: a precarious lifeline for HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research, 15 (1) 227. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-0870-8
Preferences and acceptance of colorectal cancer screening in Thailand

Saengow, Udomsak , Chongsuwiwatvong, Virasakdi , Geater, Alan and Birch, Stephen (2015). Preferences and acceptance of colorectal cancer screening in Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16 (6), 2269-2276. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.6.2269
Exploring the limitations of age-based models for health care planning

Mason, Thomas, Sutton, Matt, Whittaker, William and Birch, Stephen (2015). Exploring the limitations of age-based models for health care planning. Social Science & Medicine, 132, 11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.005
In place of fear: aligning health care planning with system objectives to achieve financial sustainability

Birch, Stephen, Murphy, Gail Tomblin, MacKenzie, Adrian and Cumming, Jackie (2015). In place of fear: aligning health care planning with system objectives to achieve financial sustainability. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 20 (2), 109-114. doi: 10.1177/1355819614562053
On the margins of health economics: a response to 'resolving NICE'S nasty dilemma'

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2015). On the margins of health economics: a response to 'resolving NICE'S nasty dilemma'. Health Economics Policy and Law, 10 (2), 183-193. doi: 10.1017/S1744133114000462
Variation in healthcare services for specialist genetic testing and implications for planning genetic services: the example of inherited retinal dystrophy in the English NHS

Harrison, Mark, Birch, Stephen, Eden, Martin, Ramsden, Simon, Farragher, Tracey, Payne, Katherine, Hall, Georgina and Black, Graeme C. M. (2015). Variation in healthcare services for specialist genetic testing and implications for planning genetic services: the example of inherited retinal dystrophy in the English NHS. Journal of Community Genetics, 6 (2), 157-165. doi: 10.1007/s12687-014-0210-4
Tax-deductible provisions for gluten-free diet in Canada compared with systems for gluten-free diet coverage available in various countries

Pinto-Sanchez, Maria Ines, Verdu, Elena F., Gordillo, Maria C., Bai, Julio C., Birch, Stephen, Moayyedi, Paul and Bercik, Premysl (2015). Tax-deductible provisions for gluten-free diet in Canada compared with systems for gluten-free diet coverage available in various countries. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 29 (2), 104-110. doi: 10.1155/2015/508156
Economic evaluation of diagnostic methods used in dentistry. A systematic review

Christell, Helena, Birch, Stephen, Horner, Keith, Lindh, Christina and Rohlin, Madeleine (2014). Economic evaluation of diagnostic methods used in dentistry. A systematic review. Journal of Dentistry, 42 (11), 1361-1371. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.07.018
Inclusiveness and health economics: Reflections on the work of Gavin Mooney (1943-2012) Introduction

Donaldson, Cam and Birch, Stephen (2014). Inclusiveness and health economics: Reflections on the work of Gavin Mooney (1943-2012) Introduction. Social Science & Medicine, 108, 246-247. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.038
Stigma and HIV/AIDS in South Africa: exploring respect and treatment adherence

John Eyles, Olivia Lee and Stephen Birch (2014). Stigma and HIV/AIDS in South Africa: exploring respect and treatment adherence. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, 4 (3), 311-329. doi: 10.9734/IJTDH/2014/6468
Variation in costs of cone beam CT examinations among healthcare systems

Christell, H., Birch, S., Hedesiu, M., Horner, K., Ivanauskaite, D., Nackaerts, O., Rohlin, M. and Lindh, C. (2014). Variation in costs of cone beam CT examinations among healthcare systems. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 41 (7), 571-577. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/22131776
Examining End-of-Life Case Management: Systematic Review

Thomas, Roger E., Wilson, Donna M., Birch, Stephen and Woytowich, Boris (2014). Examining End-of-Life Case Management: Systematic Review. Nursing Research and Practice, 2014, 1-14. doi: 10.1155/2014/651681
Using small-area variations to inform health care service planning: what do we 'need' to know?

Mercuri, Mathew, Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2013). Using small-area variations to inform health care service planning: what do we 'need' to know?. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 19 (6), 1054-1059. doi: 10.1111/jep.12026
The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists

Brocklehurst, Paul, Price, Juliet, Glenny, Anne-Marie, Tickle, Martin, Birch, Stephen, Mertz, Elizabeth and Grytten, Jostein (2013). The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 (11) CD009853, CD009853. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009853.pub2
Uncertainty and the Decision Maker: Assessing and Managing the Risk of Undesirable Outcomes

Gafni, Amiram, Walter, Stephen and Birch, Stephen (2013). Uncertainty and the Decision Maker: Assessing and Managing the Risk of Undesirable Outcomes. Health Economics, 22 (11), 1287-1294. doi: 10.1002/hec.2883
The scale of hospital production in different settings: one size does not fit all

Asmild, Mette, Hollingsworth, Bruce and Birch, Stephen (2013). The scale of hospital production in different settings: one size does not fit all. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 40 (2), 197-206. doi: 10.1007/s11123-012-0332-9
Determining the optimal model for role-substitution in NHS dental services in the United Kingdom

Brocklehurst, Paul, Birch, Stephen, McDonald, Ruth and Tickle, Martin (2013). Determining the optimal model for role-substitution in NHS dental services in the United Kingdom. BMC Oral Health, 13 (1) 46. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-46
Not enough doctors or not enough needs? Refocusing health workforce planning from providers and services to populations and needs

Birch, Stephen, Mason, Thomas, Sutton, Matthew and Whittaker, William (2013). Not enough doctors or not enough needs? Refocusing health workforce planning from providers and services to populations and needs. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 18 (2), 107-113. doi: 10.1177/1355819612473592
Managing moral hazard in motor vehicle accident insurance claims

Ebrahim, Shanil, Busse, Jason W., Guyatt, Gordon H. and Birch, Stephen (2013). Managing moral hazard in motor vehicle accident insurance claims. Journal of Public Health Policy, 34 (2), 320-329. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2013.11
When science gets in the way of policy: economic evaluation of health care

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2013). When science gets in the way of policy: economic evaluation of health care. International Journal of Science in Society, 4 (4), 65-75.
A population-based study on advance directive completion and completion intention among citizens of the western Canadian province of Alberta

Wilson, Donna M., Houttekier, Dirk, Kunju, Sabu Aliyar, Birch, Stephen, Cohen, Joachim, MacLeod, Rod and Hewitt, Jessica A. (2013). A population-based study on advance directive completion and completion intention among citizens of the western Canadian province of Alberta. Journal of Palliative Care, 29 (1), 5-12. doi: 10.1177/082585971302900102
Investigating the affordability of key health services in South Africa

Cleary, Susan, Birch, Steve, Chimbindi, Natsayi, Silal, Sheetal and McIntyre, Di (2013). Investigating the affordability of key health services in South Africa. Social Science and Medicine, 80, 37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.035
Reconsidering value for money in periodontal treatment

Listl, Stefan and Birch, Stephen (2013). Reconsidering value for money in periodontal treatment. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 40 (4), 345-348. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12085
The reason that I did not go - determinants of the use of antenatal care services in South Africa, two decades after the end of apartheid

Fried, Jana, Sunderji, Alia, Birch, Steve and Eyles, John (2013). The reason that I did not go - determinants of the use of antenatal care services in South Africa, two decades after the end of apartheid. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 47 (1), 27-50. doi: 10.1080/00083968.2013.770340
The public's viewpoint on the right to hastened death in Alberta, Canada: Findings from a population survey study

Wilson, Donna M., Birch, Stephen, MacLeod, Rod, Dhanji, Nurin, Osei-Waree, Jane and Cohen, Joachim (2012). The public's viewpoint on the right to hastened death in Alberta, Canada: Findings from a population survey study. Health & Social Care in the Community, 21 (2), 200-208. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12007
Provider incentives and access to dental care: evaluating NHS reforms in England

Whittaker, William and Birch, Stephen (2012). Provider incentives and access to dental care: evaluating NHS reforms in England. Social Science and Medicine, 75 (12), 2515-2521. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.035
Technology resource planning in radiation oncology: Application of a needs-based analytic framework to radiosurgery planning in ontario

Greenspoon, Jeffrey N., O'Reilly, Daria, Wright, James R., Whitton, Anthony, Sussman, Jonathan and Birch, Stephen (2012). Technology resource planning in radiation oncology: Application of a needs-based analytic framework to radiosurgery planning in ontario. Journal of Oncology Practice, 8 (6), 358-362. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2012.000617
Gender differences in experiences of ART services in South Africa: A mixed methods study

Schneider, Helen, Govender, Veloshnee, Harris, Bronwyn, Cleary, Susan, Moshabela, Mosa and Birch, Stephen (2012). Gender differences in experiences of ART services in South Africa: A mixed methods study. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 17 (7), 820-826. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03009.x
A framework for costing diagnostic methods in oral health care: An application comparing a new imaging technology with the conventional approach for maxillary canines with eruption disturbances

Christell, Helena, Birch, Stephen, Horner, Keith, Rohlin, Madeleine and Lindh, Christina (2012). A framework for costing diagnostic methods in oral health care: An application comparing a new imaging technology with the conventional approach for maxillary canines with eruption disturbances. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 40 (4), 351-361. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00674.x
Unequal access to ART: Exploratory results from rural and urban case studies of ART use

Cleary, Susan May, Birch, Stephen, Moshabela, Mosa and Schneider, Helen (2012). Unequal access to ART: Exploratory results from rural and urban case studies of ART use. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 88 (2), 141-146. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050136
Exploring inequalities in access to and use of maternal health services in South Africa

Silal, Sheetal P., Penn-Kekana, Loveday, Harris, Bronwyn, Birch, Stephen and McIntyre, Diane (2012). Exploring inequalities in access to and use of maternal health services in South Africa. Bmc Health Services Research, 12 (1) 120, 1-12. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-120
Eliminating the shortage of registered nurses in Canada: An exercise in applied needs-based planning

Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Birch, Stephen, MacKenzie, Adrian, Alder, Rob, Lethbridge, Lynn and Little, Lisa (2011). Eliminating the shortage of registered nurses in Canada: An exercise in applied needs-based planning. Health Policy, 105 (2-3), 192-202. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.11.009
"No One Dies of Old Age": Implications for research, practice, and policy

Wilson, Donna M., Cohen, Joachim, Birch, Stephen, MacLeod, Rod, Mohankumar, Deepthi, Armstrong, Paul, Froggatt, Katherine, Francke, Anneke L., Low, Gail, McCormack, Brendan, Hollis, Vivien and Williams, Allison (2011). "No One Dies of Old Age": Implications for research, practice, and policy. Journal of Palliative Care, 27 (2), 148-156. doi: 10.1177/082585971102700211
Home Care Developments in the Canadian Province of Alberta with Regionalization

Wilson, Donna M., Birch, Stephen, Cohen, Joachim, MacLeod, Rod, Mohankumar, Deepthi and Williams, Allison (2011). Home Care Developments in the Canadian Province of Alberta with Regionalization. Global Journal of Health Science, 3 (1), 3-8. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v3n1p3
Nursing Inputs and Outcomes of Hospital Care: An Empirical Analysis of Ontario's Acute-Care Hospitals

Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Birch, Stephen, O'Brien-Pallas, Linda, Kephart, George and MacKenzie, Adrian (2011). Nursing Inputs and Outcomes of Hospital Care: An Empirical Analysis of Ontario's Acute-Care Hospitals. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 43 (1), 126-146.
Equity in the use of antiretroviral treatment in the public health care system in urban South Africa

Cleary, Susan, Silal, Sheetal, Birch, Stephen, Carrara, Henri, Pillay-van Wyk, Victoria, Rehle, Thomas and Schneider, Helen (2010). Equity in the use of antiretroviral treatment in the public health care system in urban South Africa. Health Policy, 99 (3), 261-266. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.10.016
Surveillance after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness

Melnikow, Joy, Kulasingam, Shalini, Slee, Christina, Helms, L. Jay, Kuppermann, Miriam, Birch, Stephen, McGahan, Colleen E., Coldman, Andrew, Chan, Benjamin K. S. and Sawaya, George F. (2010). Surveillance after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 116 (5), 1158-1170. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f88e72
Letters to the editor

MacKenzie, Adrian, Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Birch, Stephen, Alder, Rob, Lethbridge, Lynn and Little, Lisa (2010). Letters to the editor. Nursing Leadership, 23 (3), 4-5.
I Dreamed a Dream: England Reduces Health Inequalities and Wins the World Cup

Birch, Stephen (2010). I Dreamed a Dream: England Reduces Health Inequalities and Wins the World Cup. Health Economics, 19 (8), 881-885. doi: 10.1002/hec.1637
Preferences for surveillance strategies for women treated for high-grade precancerous cervical lesions

Kuppermann, M., Melnikow, J., Slee, C., Tancredi, D. J., Kulasingam, S., Birch, S., Helms, L. J., Bayoumi, A. M. and Sawaya, G. F. (2010). Preferences for surveillance strategies for women treated for high-grade precancerous cervical lesions. Gynecologic Oncology, 118 (2), 108-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.05.002
An applied simulation model for estimating the supply of and requirements for registered nurses based on population health needs

Tomblin Murphy, Gail , MacKenzie, Adrian , Alder, Robert , Birch, Stephen , Kephart, George and O’Brien-Pallas, Linda (2009). An applied simulation model for estimating the supply of and requirements for registered nurses based on population health needs. Policy, Politics and Nursing Practice, 10 (4), 240-251. doi: 10.1177/1527154409358777
Health Human Resources Planning and the Production of Health: Development of an Extended Analytical Framework for Needs-Based Health Human Resources Planning

Birch, Stephen, Kephart, George, Murphy, Gail Tomblin, O'Brien-Pallas, Linda, Alder, Rob and MacKenzie, Adrian (2009). Health Human Resources Planning and the Production of Health: Development of an Extended Analytical Framework for Needs-Based Health Human Resources Planning. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 15 (6 Suppl), S56-S61.
Planning for what? Challenging the assumptions of health human resources planning

Murphy, Gail Tomblin, Kephart, George, Lethbridge, Lynn, O'Brien-Pallas, Linda and Birch, Stephen (2009). Planning for what? Challenging the assumptions of health human resources planning. Health Policy, 92 (2-3), 225-233. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.04.001
Erratum: A geometric confidence ellipse approach to the estimation of the ratio of two variables (Statistics in Medicine (2008) 27, (5956-5974))

Walter, S. D., Gafni, A. and Birch, S. (2009). Erratum: A geometric confidence ellipse approach to the estimation of the ratio of two variables (Statistics in Medicine (2008) 27, (5956-5974)). Statistics in Medicine, 28 (21). doi: 10.1002/sim.3642
Optimizing the mix of basic dental services for Southern Thai schoolchildren based on resource consumption, service needs and parental preference

Tianviwat, Sukanya, Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi and Birch, Stephen (2009). Optimizing the mix of basic dental services for Southern Thai schoolchildren based on resource consumption, service needs and parental preference. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 37 (4), 372-380. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00481.x
Access as a policy-relevant concept in low- and middle-income countries

McIntyre, Di, Thiede, Michael and Birch, Stephen (2009). Access as a policy-relevant concept in low- and middle-income countries. Health Economics Policy and Law, 4 (2), 179-193. doi: 10.1017/S1744133109004836
Comparison of the effects of secondary prevention in schoolchildren between hospitals with and without mobile dental services in Southern Thailand.

Tianviwat, S., Birch, S. and Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2009). Comparison of the effects of secondary prevention in schoolchildren between hospitals with and without mobile dental services in Southern Thailand.. Journal of Oral Science , 51 (1), 97-102. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.51.97
Estimating Unit Costs for Dental Service Delivery in Institutional and Community-Based Settings in Southern Thailand

Tianviwat, Sukanya, Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi and Birch, Stephen (2009). Estimating Unit Costs for Dental Service Delivery in Institutional and Community-Based Settings in Southern Thailand. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 21 (1), 84-93. doi: 10.1177/1010539508327246
A geometric confidence ellipse approach to the estimation of the ratio of two variables

Walter, S. D., Gafni, A. and Birch, S. (2008). A geometric confidence ellipse approach to the estimation of the ratio of two variables. Statistics in Medicine, 27 (28), 5956-5974. doi: 10.1002/sim.3398
Researching a Best-Practice End-of-Life Care Model for Canada

Wilson, Donna M., Birch, Stephen, Sheps, Sam, Thomas, Roger, Justice, Christopher and MacLeod, Rod (2008). Researching a Best-Practice End-of-Life Care Model for Canada. Canadian Journal On Aging-Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 27 (4), 319-330. doi: 10.3138/cja.27.4.319
Tamoxifen for breast cancer risk reduction - Impact of alternative approaches to quality-of-life adjustment on cost-effectiveness analysis

Melnikow, Joy, Birch, Stephen, Slee, Christina, McCarthy, Theodore J., Helms, L. Jay and Kuppermann, Miriam (2008). Tamoxifen for breast cancer risk reduction - Impact of alternative approaches to quality-of-life adjustment on cost-effectiveness analysis. Medical Care, 46 (9), 946-953. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318179250f
Public policy and the market for dental services

Leake, J. L. and Birch, S. (2008). Public policy and the market for dental services. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 36 (4), 287-295. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2008.00438.x
A literature review of preferences for end-of-life care in developed countries by individuals with different cultural affiliations and ethnicity

Thomas R., Wilson D.M., Justice C., Birch S. and Sheps S. (2008). A literature review of preferences for end-of-life care in developed countries by individuals with different cultural affiliations and ethnicity. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 10 (3), 142-161. doi: 10.1097/01.NJH.0000306740.10636.64
Prevention versus cure: Measuring parental preferences for sealants and fillings as treatments for childhood caries in Southern Thailand

Tianviwat, Sukanya, Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi and Birch, Stephen (2008). Prevention versus cure: Measuring parental preferences for sealants and fillings as treatments for childhood caries in Southern Thailand. Health Policy, 86 (1), 64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.09.016
An opportunity cost approach to sample size calculation in cost-effectiveness analysis

Gafni, A., Walter, S. D., Birch, S. and Sendi, P. (2008). An opportunity cost approach to sample size calculation in cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Economics, 17 (1), 99-107. doi: 10.1002/hec.1244
Different dental care setting: Does income matter?

Tianviwat S., Chongsuvivatwong V. and Birch S. (2008). Different dental care setting: Does income matter?. Health economics, 17 (1), 109-118. doi: 10.1002/hec.1237
Targeting services to reduce social inequalities in utilisation: An analysis of breast cancer screening in New South Wales

Birch S., Haas M., Savage E. and Van Gool K. (2007). Targeting services to reduce social inequalities in utilisation: An analysis of breast cancer screening in New South Wales. Australia and New Zealand Health Policy , 4 (1) 12, 12. doi: 10.1186/1743-8462-4-12
Home care evolution in Alberta: how have palliative clients fared?

Wilson, Donna M., Truman, Corinne, Huang, Joe, Sheps, Sam, Birch, Stephen, Thomas, Roger and Noseworthy, Tom (2007). Home care evolution in Alberta: how have palliative clients fared?. Healthcare Policy, 2 (4), 58-69.
Being naughty about NICE? Questioning the methods used to maximize health gains from NHS resources Reply

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2007). Being naughty about NICE? Questioning the methods used to maximize health gains from NHS resources Reply. Health Economics Policy and Law, 2 (2), 217-221. doi: 10.1017/S1744133107004045
Building bridges between academic research and policy formulation: When costing less means costing more

Gafni, Amiram and Birch, Stephen (2007). Building bridges between academic research and policy formulation: When costing less means costing more. Pharmacoeconomics, 25 (6), 523-528. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200725060-00007
Economists' dream or nightmare? Maximizing health gains from available resources using the NICE guidelines

Birch S. and Gafni A. (2007). Economists' dream or nightmare? Maximizing health gains from available resources using the NICE guidelines. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 2 (2), 193-202. doi: 10.1017/S1744133107004057
Estimation, power and sample size calculations for stochastic cost and effectiveness analysis

Walter, S. D., Gafni, Amiram and Birch, Stephen (2007). Estimation, power and sample size calculations for stochastic cost and effectiveness analysis. Pharmacoeconomics, 25 (6), 455-466. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200725060-00002
Health human resources policy in the 21st century: Addressing the complexities of who does what in a Canadian context Les ressources humaines en santé au XXIe siècle: Une question complexe abordée dans le contexte Canadien

Birch, Stephen and Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn (2007). Health human resources policy in the 21st century: Addressing the complexities of who does what in a Canadian context Les ressources humaines en santé au XXIe siècle: Une question complexe abordée dans le contexte Canadien. Canadian Public Policy, 33 (SUPPL.), Siii-Sv. doi: 10.3138/R532-1214-1766-6245
Human resources planning and the production of health: A needs-based analytical framework

Birch, Stephen, Kephart, George, Tomblin-Murphy, Gail, O'Brien-Pallas, Linda, Alder, Rob and MacKenzie, Adrian (2007). Human resources planning and the production of health: A needs-based analytical framework. Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques, 33 (Supplement 1), S1-S16. doi: 10.3138/9R62-Q0V1-L188-1406
Chemoprevention: drug pricing and mortality

Melnikow, Joy, Kuenneth, Christina, Helms, L. Jay, Barnato, Amber, Kupperman, Miriam, Birch, Stephen and Nuovo, James (2006). Chemoprevention: drug pricing and mortality. Cancer, 107 (5), 950-958. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22075
Economic evaluation of HIV screening in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in India

Kumar, M, Birch, S, Maturana, A and Gafni, A (2006). Economic evaluation of HIV screening in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in India. Health Policy, 77 (2), 233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.07.014
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs): The silence of the lambda

Gafni, A and Birch, S (2006). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs): The silence of the lambda. Social Science & Medicine, 62 (9), 2091-2100. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.023
Is regular visiting associated with lower costs? Analyzing service utilization patterns in the first nations population in Canada

Leake, JL, Birch, S, Main, PA and Ho, E (2006). Is regular visiting associated with lower costs? Analyzing service utilization patterns in the first nations population in Canada. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 66 (2), 116-122. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2006.tb02566.x
Human papillomavirus triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: Cost-effective, but at what cost?

Melnikow, J and Birch, S (2006). Human papillomavirus triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: Cost-effective, but at what cost?. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98 (2), 82-83. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj035
The biggest bang for the buck or bigger bucks for the bang: The fallacy of the cost-effectiveness threshold

Birch S. and Gafni A. (2006). The biggest bang for the buck or bigger bucks for the bang: The fallacy of the cost-effectiveness threshold. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 11 (1), 46-51. doi: 10.1258/135581906775094235
Ethical economics and cost-effectiveness analysis: is it ethical to ignore opportunity costs?

Sendi, Pedram, Gafni, Amiram and Birch, Stephen (2005). Ethical economics and cost-effectiveness analysis: is it ethical to ignore opportunity costs?. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 5 (6), 661-5. doi: 10.1586/14737167.5.6.661
Home and community occupational therapy for children and youth: a before and after study

Law, Mary, Majnemer, Annette, McColl, Mary Ann, Bosch, Jackie, Hanna, Steven, Wilkins, Seanne, Birch, Stephen, Telford, Jessica and Stewart, Debra (2005). Home and community occupational therapy for children and youth: a before and after study. Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapie, 72 (5), 289-97. doi: 10.1177/000841740507200505
Inequalities in neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics: Potential evidence-base for neighbourhood health planning

Odoi A., Wray R., Emo M., Birch S., Hutchison B., Eyles J. and Abernathy T. (2005). Inequalities in neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics: Potential evidence-base for neighbourhood health planning. International Journal of Health Geographics , 4 (1) 20, 20. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-4-20
Developing management information from an administrative database of dental services: Identifying factors that influence costs

Leake, JL, Birch, S, Main, PA and Ho, E (2005). Developing management information from an administrative database of dental services: Identifying factors that influence costs. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 65 (3), 153-159. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2005.tb02805.x
Heterogeneities in the production of health: smoking, health status and place

Birch, S, Jerrett, M, Wilson, K, Law, M, Elliott, S and Eyles, J (2005). Heterogeneities in the production of health: smoking, health status and place. Health Policy, 72 (3), 301-310. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.09.003
Recruitment strategies for minority participation: Challenges and cost lessons from the power interview

Keyzer, JF, Melnikow, J, Kuppermann, M, Birch, S, Kuenneth, C, Nuovo, J, Azari, R, Oto-Kent, D and Rooney, M (2005). Recruitment strategies for minority participation: Challenges and cost lessons from the power interview. Ethnicity & Disease, 15 (3), 395-406.
Who you know, where you live: social capital, neighbourhood and health

Veenstra, G, Luginaah, I, Wakefield, S, Birch, S, Eyles, J and Elliott, S (2005). Who you know, where you live: social capital, neighbourhood and health. Social Science & Medicine, 60 (12), 2799-2818. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.013
Preferences of women evaluating risks of tamoxifen (POWER) study of preferences for tamoxifen for breast cancer risk reduction

Melnikow, J, Paterniti, D, Azari, R, Kuenneth, C, Birch, S, Kuppermann, M, Nuovo, J, Keyzer, J and Henderson, S (2005). Preferences of women evaluating risks of tamoxifen (POWER) study of preferences for tamoxifen for breast cancer risk reduction. Cancer, 103 (10), 1996-2005. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20981
Financing and delivering oral health care: What can we learn from other countries?

Birch S. and Anderson R. (2005). Financing and delivering oral health care: What can we learn from other countries?. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association , 71 (4).
"Interaction" and research utilisation in health policies and programs: does it work?

Kothari, A, Birch, S and Charles, C (2005). "Interaction" and research utilisation in health policies and programs: does it work?. Health Policy, 71 (1), 117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.03.010
Achievements and challenges of medicare in Canada: Are we there yet? Are we on course?

Birch, S and Gafni, A (2005). Achievements and challenges of medicare in Canada: Are we there yet? Are we on course?. International Journal of Health Services, 35 (3), 443-463. doi: 10.2190/RWA1-C3PB-0KY4-HBUT
The Effects of Nursing Turnover on Continuity of Care in Isolated First Nation Communities

Minore, Bruce, Boone, Margaret, Katt, Mae, Kinch, Peggy, Birch, Stephen and Mushquash, Christopher (2005). The Effects of Nursing Turnover on Continuity of Care in Isolated First Nation Communities. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 37 (1), 86-100.
Addressing the realties of health care in northern aboriginal communities through participatory action research

Minore B., Boone M., Katt M., Kinch P. and Birch S. (2004). Addressing the realties of health care in northern aboriginal communities through participatory action research. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 18 (4), 360-368. doi: 10.1080/13561820400011784
The Diabetes Continuity of Care Scale: the development and initial evaluation of a questionnaire that measures continuity of care from the patient perspective

Dolovich, LR, Nair, KM, Ciliska, DK, Lee, HN, Birch, S, Gafni, A and Hunt, DL (2004). The Diabetes Continuity of Care Scale: the development and initial evaluation of a questionnaire that measures continuity of care from the patient perspective. Health & Social Care in the Community, 12 (6), 475-487. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2004.00517.x
Individual and regional determinants of mammography uptake

Kothari, AR and Birch, S (2004). Individual and regional determinants of mammography uptake. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 95 (4), 290-294.
Charging the patient to save the system? Like bailing water with a sieve

Birch, Stephen (2004). Charging the patient to save the system? Like bailing water with a sieve. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 170 (12), 1812-3.
Charging the patient to save the system? - Like bailing water with a sieve

Birch, S (2004). Charging the patient to save the system? - Like bailing water with a sieve. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 170 (12), 1812-1813. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1040699
Willingness to pay for dentin regeneration in a sample of dentate adults

Birch, S, Sohn, W, Ismail, AI, Lepkowski, JM and Belli, RF (2004). Willingness to pay for dentin regeneration in a sample of dentate adults. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 32 (3), 210-216. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00156.x
Portfolio theory and the alternative decision rule of cost-effectiveness analysis: theoretical and practical considerations

Sendi, P, Al, MJ, Gafni, A and Birch, S (2004). Portfolio theory and the alternative decision rule of cost-effectiveness analysis: theoretical and practical considerations. Social Science & Medicine, 58 (10), 1853-1855. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.001
Multilevel Health promotion research: conceptual and analytical considerations

Kothari, A.R. and Birch, S. (2004). Multilevel Health promotion research: conceptual and analytical considerations. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 36 (1), 56-75.
The 'NICE' approach to technology assessment: an economics perspective

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2004). The 'NICE' approach to technology assessment: an economics perspective. Health Care Management Science, 7 (1), 35-41. doi: 10.1023/B:HCMS.0000005396.69890.48
Utilities of dentin regeneration among insured and uninsured adults

Ismail, AI, Birch, S, Sohn, W, Lepkowski, JM and Belli, RF (2004). Utilities of dentin regeneration among insured and uninsured adults. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 32 (1), 55-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00127.x
The NICE reference case requirement - More pain for what, if any, gain?

Gafni, A and Birch, S (2004). The NICE reference case requirement - More pain for what, if any, gain?. Pharmacoeconomics, 22 (4), 271-273. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200422040-00006
Beyond demographic change in human resources planning: An extended framework and application to nursing

Birch S., O'Brien-Pallas L., Alksnis C., Murphy G.T. and Thomson D. (2003). Beyond demographic change in human resources planning: An extended framework and application to nursing. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy , 8 (4), 225-229. doi: 10.1258/135581903322403290
Conservative versus aggressive follow up of mildly abnormal Pap smears: Testing for process utility

Birch, S, Melnikow, J and Kuppermann, M (2003). Conservative versus aggressive follow up of mildly abnormal Pap smears: Testing for process utility. Health Economics, 12 (10), 879-884. doi: 10.1002/hec.783
Geographic disparity in premature mortality in Ontorio, 1992-1996

Altmayer C.A., Hutchison B.G., Torrance-Rynard V.L., Hurley J., Birch S. and Eyles J.D. (2003). Geographic disparity in premature mortality in Ontorio, 1992-1996. International Journal of Health Geographics , 2 (1), 7. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-2-7
Should cost-effectiveness take the blame? [9] (multiple letters)

McGregor, Maurice, Gafni, Amiram and Birch, Stephen (2003). Should cost-effectiveness take the blame? [9] (multiple letters). CMAJ, 168 (12), 1528-1529.
Economics and the evaluation of health care programmes: Generalisability of methods and implications for generalisability of results

Birch, S and Gafni, A (2003). Economics and the evaluation of health care programmes: Generalisability of methods and implications for generalisability of results. Health Policy, 64 (2), 207-219. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(02)00182-3
Environmental influences on healthcare expenditures: An exploratory analysis from Ontario, Canada

Jerrett, M, Eyles, J, Dufournaud, C and Birch, S (2003). Environmental influences on healthcare expenditures: An exploratory analysis from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57 (5), 334-338. doi: 10.1136/jech.57.5.334
Inclusion of drugs in provincial drug benefit programs: Should "reasonable decisions" lead to uncontrolled growth in expenditures?

Gafni, A and Birch, S (2003). Inclusion of drugs in provincial drug benefit programs: Should "reasonable decisions" lead to uncontrolled growth in expenditures?. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 168 (7), 849-851.
Valuing the benefits and costs of health care programmes: Where's the 'extra' in extra-welfarism?

Birch, S and Donaldson, C (2003). Valuing the benefits and costs of health care programmes: Where's the 'extra' in extra-welfarism?. Social Science & Medicine, 56 (5), 1121-1133. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00101-6
NICE methodological guidelines and decision making in the National Health Service in England and Wales

Gafni, Amiram, Birch, Stephen, NICE and National Health Service (2003). NICE methodological guidelines and decision making in the National Health Service in England and Wales. PharmacoEconomics, 21 (3), 149-57. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200321030-00001
Optimizing a portfolio of health care programs in the presence of uncertainty and constrained resources

Sendi P., Al M.J., Gafni A. and Birch S. (2003). Optimizing a portfolio of health care programs in the presence of uncertainty and constrained resources. Social Science and Medicine, 57 (11), 2207-2215. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00086-8
Economics and the evaluation of vaccination programmes: the importance of context

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2002). Economics and the evaluation of vaccination programmes: the importance of context. Vaccines: Children and Practice, 5 (2), 38-42.
Unemployment and health: Contextual-level influences on the production of health in populations

Beland, F, Birch, S and Stoddart, G (2002). Unemployment and health: Contextual-level influences on the production of health in populations. Social Science & Medicine, 55 (11), 2033-2052. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00344-6
Management of the low-grade abnormal Pap smear: What are women's preferences?

Melnikow, Joy, Kuppermann, Miriam, Birch, Stephen, Chan, Benjamin K S and Nuovo, Jim (2002). Management of the low-grade abnormal Pap smear: What are women's preferences?. The Journal of family practice, 51 (10), 849-55.
Management of the low-grade abnormal Pap smear: What are women's preferences?

Melnikow, J, Kuppermann, M, Birch, S, Chan, BKS and Nuovo, J (2002). Management of the low-grade abnormal Pap smear: What are women's preferences?. Journal of Family Practice, 51 (10), 849-855.
On being NICE in the UK: guidelines for technology appraisal for the NHS in England and Wales

Birch, S and Gafni, A (2002). On being NICE in the UK: guidelines for technology appraisal for the NHS in England and Wales. Health Economics, 11 (3), 185-191. doi: 10.1002/hec.706
On being NICE in the UK: guidelines for technology appraisal for the NHS in England and Wales

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2002). On being NICE in the UK: guidelines for technology appraisal for the NHS in England and Wales. Health economics, 11 (3), 185-91.
Opportunity costs and uncertainty in the economic evaluation of health care interventions

Sendi, P., Gafni, A. and Birch, S. (2002). Opportunity costs and uncertainty in the economic evaluation of health care interventions. Health Economics, 11 (1), 23-31. doi: 10.1002/hec.641
Patient preferences and the measurement of utilities in the evaluation of dental technologies

Birch, S and Ismail, AI (2002). Patient preferences and the measurement of utilities in the evaluation of dental technologies. Journal of Dental Research, 81 (7), 446-450. doi: 10.1177/154405910208100702
The distribution problem in economic evaluation: Income and the valuation of costs and consequences of health care programmes

Donaldson, C, Birch, S and Gafni, A (2002). The distribution problem in economic evaluation: Income and the valuation of costs and consequences of health care programmes. Health Economics, 11 (1), 55-70. doi: 10.1002/hec.642
Integrating workforce planning, human resources and service planning

O’Brien-Pallas, Linda, Birch, Stephen, Baumann, Andrea and Tomblin Murphy, Gail (2001). Integrating workforce planning, human resources and service planning. Human Resources Development Journal, 5 (1-3), 1-15.
Commentary: Social inequalities in health, social epidemiology and social value

Birch, S (2001). Commentary: Social inequalities in health, social epidemiology and social value. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30 (2), 294-296. doi: 10.1093/ije/30.2.294
Capitation and primary care in Canada: Financial incentives and the evolution of health service organizations

Gillett, J, Hutchison, B and Birch, S (2001). Capitation and primary care in Canada: Financial incentives and the evolution of health service organizations. International Journal of Health Services, 31 (3), 583-603. doi: 10.2190/2FEN-AQKK-LCEV-7KU5
Health human resource planning for the new millennium: inputs in the production of health, illness, and recovery in populations.

Birch, S. (2001). Health human resource planning for the new millennium: inputs in the production of health, illness, and recovery in populations.. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 33 (4), 109-114.
Health profiles of Hamilton: Spatial characterisation of neighbourhoods for health investigations

Luginaah I., Jerrett M., Elliott S., Eyles J., Parizeau K., Birch S., Abernathy T., Veenstra G., Hutchinson B. and Giovis C. (2001). Health profiles of Hamilton: Spatial characterisation of neighbourhoods for health investigations. GeoJournal, 53 (2), 135-147. doi: 10.1023/A:1015724619845
Health human resource planning in home care

O’Brien-Pallas, L., Baumann, A., Birch, S. and Tomblin Murphy, G. (2000). Health human resource planning in home care. HealthcarePapers, 1 (4), 53-59. doi: 10.12927/hcpap..17351
Heterogeneity in the determinants of health and illness: The example of socioeconomic status and smoking

Birch, S, Jerrett, M and Eyles, J (2000). Heterogeneity in the determinants of health and illness: The example of socioeconomic status and smoking. Social Science & Medicine, 51 (2), 307-317. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00455-4
A cost-benefit analysis using a willingness-to-pay questionnaire of intranasal budesonide for seasonal allergic rhinitis

Keith, PK, Haddon, J and Birch, S (2000). A cost-benefit analysis using a willingness-to-pay questionnaire of intranasal budesonide for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 84 (1), 55-62. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62741-X
Needs-based primary medical care capitation: Development and evaluation of alternative approaches

Hutchison B., Hurley J., Birch S., Lomas J., Walter S.D., Eyles J. and Stratford-Devai F. (2000). Needs-based primary medical care capitation: Development and evaluation of alternative approaches. Health Care Management Science, 3 (2), 89-99.
The 39 steps: the mystery of health inequalities in the UK

Birch, S. (1999). The 39 steps: the mystery of health inequalities in the UK. Health Economics, 8 (4), 301-308. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199906)8:4<301::AID-HEC446>3.0.CO;2-T
Life without disease: the pursuit of medical utopia

Birch, Stephen (1999). Life without disease: the pursuit of medical utopia. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 318 (7185), 742-742. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7185.742
Preference based measures in dentistry: a review of the literature and recommendations for research

Matthews, D., Gafni, A. and Birch, S. (1999). Preference based measures in dentistry: a review of the literature and recommendations for research. Community Dental Health, 16 (1), 5-11.
Willingness to pay for periodontal therapy: Development and testing of an instrument

Matthews, DC, Birch, S, Gafni, A and DiCenso, A (1999). Willingness to pay for periodontal therapy: Development and testing of an instrument. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 59 (1), 44-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03234.x
Workshop. 1: Appraising the methods for economic evaluation

Birch, S (1999). Workshop. 1: Appraising the methods for economic evaluation. PharmacoEconomics, 16 Suppl 1, 91-3. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199916001-00012
Health years equivalents as a measurement of preferences for dental interventions

Birch, S., Gafni, A., Markham, B., Marriott, M., Lewis, D. and Main, P. (1998). Health years equivalents as a measurement of preferences for dental interventions. Community Dental Health, 15 (4), 233-242.
Modelling the community as a determinant of health

Birch, S, Stoddart, G and Beland, F (1998). Modelling the community as a determinant of health. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 89 (6), 402-405.
Modelling the community as a determinant of health

Birch, Stephen, Stoddart, Greg and Béland, Francois (1998). Modelling the community as a determinant of health. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 89 (6), 402-405.
Selective opportunistic screening for hypercholesterolemia in primary care practice

Hutchison, B, Birch, S, Evans, CE, Goldsmith, LJ, Markham, BA, Frank, J and Paterson, M (1998). Selective opportunistic screening for hypercholesterolemia in primary care practice. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51 (10), 817-825. doi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00068-7
Screening for hypercholesterolaemia in primary care: randomised controlled trial of postal questionnaire appraising risk of coronary heart disease

Hutchison, B., Birch, S., Evans, C.E., Goldsmith, L.J., Markham, B.A., Frank, J. and Paterson, M. (1998). Screening for hypercholesterolaemia in primary care: randomised controlled trial of postal questionnaire appraising risk of coronary heart disease. BMJ, 316 (7139), 1208-1213.
Concepts of rigour and implications for health services research

Kothari, Anita and Birch, Stephen (1998). Concepts of rigour and implications for health services research. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 3 (2), 121-123. doi: 10.1177/135581969800300211
Screening for hypocholesterolemia in primary care practice: Randomized controlled trial of a mailed coronary assessment questionnaire

Hutchison, B., Birch, S., Evans, C.E., Goldsmith, L.J., Markham, B.A., Frank, J. and Paterson, M. (1998). Screening for hypocholesterolemia in primary care practice: Randomized controlled trial of a mailed coronary assessment questionnaire. BMJ, 316 (7139), 1208-1213. doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1208
Allocating resources in health care: Alternative approaches to measuring needs in resource allocation formula in Ontario

Newbold, K. Bruce, Eyles, John, Birch, Stephen and Spencer, Anne (1998). Allocating resources in health care: Alternative approaches to measuring needs in resource allocation formula in Ontario. Health & Place, 4 (1), 79-89. doi: 10.1016/S1353-8292(97)00025-7
Health years equivalents as a measure of preferences for alternative dental interventions in the general population

Birch, S., Gafni, A., Markham, B., Marriott, M., Lewis, D. and Main, P. (1998). Health years equivalents as a measure of preferences for alternative dental interventions in the general population. Community Dental Health, 15, 233-242.
As a matter of fact: Evidence-based decision-making unplugged

Birch, S (1997). As a matter of fact: Evidence-based decision-making unplugged. Health Economics, 6 (6), 547-559. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199711)6:6<547::AID-HEC307>3.0.CO;2-P
Casting the screening net: separating the big fish from the little fish

Markham, B., Hutchison, B., Birch, S., Goldsmith, L. and Evans, E. (1997). Casting the screening net: separating the big fish from the little fish. Health Policy, 42 (2), 171-184. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(97)00067-5
Medical necessity, benefit and resource allocation in health care

Hurley, Jeremiah, Birch, Stephen, Stoddart, Greg and Torrance, George (1997). Medical necessity, benefit and resource allocation in health care. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 2 (4), 223-230. doi: 10.1177/135581969700200407
QALYS and HYEs spotting the differences

Gafni, A and Birch, S (1997). QALYS and HYEs spotting the differences. Journal of Health Economics, 16 (5), 601-608. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6296(96)00527-9
Defining the practice population in fee-for-service practice

Hutchison, BG, Hurley, J, Birch, S, Lomas, J and StratfordDevai, F (1997). Defining the practice population in fee-for-service practice. Health Services Research, 32 (1), 55-70.
Alternative approaches to estimating nurse requirements

Markham, B. and Birch, S. (1997). Alternative approaches to estimating nurse requirements. Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration, 7-23.
Back to the future: a framework for estimating health-care human resource requirements

Markham, B. and Birch, S. (1997). Back to the future: a framework for estimating health-care human resource requirements. Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration, 10 (1), 7-23.
The answer is ......., now what was the question? Applying alternative approaches to estimating nurse requirements.

Lavis J.N. and Birch S. (1997). The answer is ......., now what was the question? Applying alternative approaches to estimating nurse requirements.. Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration, 10 (1), 24-44.
Proxies for healthcare need among populations: Validation of alternatives - a study in Quebec

Birch, S., Eyles, J. and Newbold, K.B. (1996). Proxies for healthcare need among populations: Validation of alternatives - a study in Quebec. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50 (5), 564-569. doi: 10.1136/jech.50.5.564
Economic issues in the development and use of practice guidelines: an application to resource allocation in dentistry

Birch, S., Leake, J.L. and Lewis, D.W. (1996). Economic issues in the development and use of practice guidelines: an application to resource allocation in dentistry. Community Dental Health, 13 (2), 70-75.
Creating health gains or widening gaps: the role of health outcomes

Birch, S., Hall, J. and Haas, M. (1996). Creating health gains or widening gaps: the role of health outcomes. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 6 (1), 4-6.
Do physician-payment mechanisms affect hospital utilization? A study of Health Service Organizations in Ontario

Hutchison, B., Birch, S., Hurley, J., Lomas, J. and Stratford-Devai, F. (1996). Do physician-payment mechanisms affect hospital utilization? A study of Health Service Organizations in Ontario. CMAJ, 154 (5), 653-61.
Effect of a financial incentive to reduce hospital utilization in capitated primary care practice

Hutchison, B., Birch, S., Hurley, J., Lomas, J. and Stratford-Devai, F. (1996). Effect of a financial incentive to reduce hospital utilization in capitated primary care practice. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 154, 653-661.
Efficacy and cost benefit of inhaled corticosteroids in patients considered to have mild asthma in primary care practice

O'Byrne, Paul, Cuddy, Lauren, Wayne Taylor, D., Birch, Stephen, Morris, Joanne and Syrotuik, Jerry (1996). Efficacy and cost benefit of inhaled corticosteroids in patients considered to have mild asthma in primary care practice. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 3 (3), 169-175. doi: 10.1155/1996/105967
Delivering the goods? Access to family physician services in Canada: a comparison of 1985 and 1991

Eyles, J., Birch, S. and Newbold, K.B. (1995). Delivering the goods? Access to family physician services in Canada: a comparison of 1985 and 1991. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36 (4), 322-332. doi: 10.2307/2137322
Does the community want devolved authority? Results from deliberative polling in Ontario

Abelson, J., Lomas, J., Eyles, J., Birch, S. and Veenstra, G. (1995). Does the community want devolved authority? Results from deliberative polling in Ontario. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 153 (4), 403-412.
Does the community want devolved authority? Results of deliberative polling in Ontario

Abelson, Julia, Lomas, Jonathan, Eyles, John, Birch, Stephen and Veenstra, Gerry (1995). Does the community want devolved authority? Results of deliberative polling in Ontario. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 153 (4), 403-412.
Geographically-Decentralized Planning and Management in Health-Care - Some Informational Issues and Their Implications for Efficiency

Hurley, J, Birch, S and Eyles, J (1995). Geographically-Decentralized Planning and Management in Health-Care - Some Informational Issues and Their Implications for Efficiency. Social Science & Medicine, 41 (1), 3-11. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00283-Y
Equity in Health-Care - Methodological Contributions to the Analysis of Hospital Utilization Within Canada

Newbold, KB, Eyles, J and Birch, S (1995). Equity in Health-Care - Methodological Contributions to the Analysis of Hospital Utilization Within Canada. Social Science & Medicine, 40 (9), 1181-1192. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00229-M
Preferences for Outcomes in Economic-Evaluation - An Economic-Approach to Addressing Economic-Problems

Gafni, A and Birch, S (1995). Preferences for Outcomes in Economic-Evaluation - An Economic-Approach to Addressing Economic-Problems. Social Science & Medicine, 40 (6), 767-776. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)E0109-6
Ethical Dimensions of Health Technology-Assessment - Being Economic with Economic-Principles

Birch, S and Gafni, A (1995). Ethical Dimensions of Health Technology-Assessment - Being Economic with Economic-Principles. International Journal of Technology Management, 60-72.
Technology assessment in dentistry

Leake, J.L., Birch, S. and Lewis, D.W. (1994). Technology assessment in dentistry. Canadian Dental Association Journal, 60 (12), 1066-1070.
Access to family physician services in Canada: a tale of two provinces

Newbold, K, Birch, Stephen and Eyles, John (1994). Access to family physician services in Canada: a tale of two provinces. The Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 17 (3), 311-328.
Fair Shares for the Zone - Allocating Health-Care Resources for the Native Populations of the Sioux Lookout Zone, Northern Ontario

Eyles, J, Birch, S and Chambers, S (1994). Fair Shares for the Zone - Allocating Health-Care Resources for the Native Populations of the Sioux Lookout Zone, Northern Ontario. Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien, 38 (2), 134-150. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0064.1994.tb01671.x
Cost-Effectiveness Ratios - in a League of Their Own

Birch, S and Gafni, A (1994). Cost-Effectiveness Ratios - in a League of Their Own. Health Policy, 28 (2), 133-141. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(94)90031-0
Equity and health care: analysis of the relationship between need for care and the utilization of nursing services in Canada

Eyles, J., Birch, S. and Newbold B. (1994). Equity and health care: analysis of the relationship between need for care and the utilization of nursing services in Canada. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 25 (4), 27-46.
The Impact of New Clinical Guidelines on the North American Blood Economy

Lawrence V.A., Birch S. and Gafni A. (1994). The Impact of New Clinical Guidelines on the North American Blood Economy. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 8 (4), 232-241. doi: 10.1016/S0887-7963(94)70115-2
Economics, Health and Health Economics - Hyes Versus Qalys

Gafni, A, Birch, S and Mehrez, A (1993). Economics, Health and Health Economics - Hyes Versus Qalys. Journal of Health Economics, 12 (3), 325-339. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(93)90015-7
Economics, health and health economics: HYEs (healthy-years equivalent) versus QALYs (quality-adjusted live-year)

Gafni, A., Birch, S. and Mehrez, A. (1993). Economics, health and health economics: HYEs (healthy-years equivalent) versus QALYs (quality-adjusted live-year). Journal of Health Economics, 12 (3), 325-39.
To each according to need: a community-based approach to allocating health care resources

Birch, Stephen and Chambers, Shelley (1993). To each according to need: a community-based approach to allocating health care resources. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 149 (5), 607-612.
Equitable access to health care: methodological extensions to the analysis of physician utilization in Canada

Birch, Stephen, Eyles, John and Newbold, K. Bruce (1993). Equitable access to health care: methodological extensions to the analysis of physician utilization in Canada. Health Economics, 2 (2), 87-101. doi: 10.1002/hec.4730020203
A Needs-Based Approach to Resource-Allocation in Health-Care

Birch, S, Eyles, J, Hurley, J, Hutchison, B and Chambers, S (1993). A Needs-Based Approach to Resource-Allocation in Health-Care. Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques, 19 (1), 68-85. doi: 10.2307/3551791
A Population Needs-Based Approach to Health-Care Resource-Allocation and Planning in Ontario - a Link Between Policy Goals and Practice

Eyles, J and Birch, S (1993). A Population Needs-Based Approach to Health-Care Resource-Allocation and Planning in Ontario - a Link Between Policy Goals and Practice. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 84 (2), 112-117.
Searching for a Common Currency - Critical-Appraisal of the Scientific Basis Underlying European Harmonization of the Measurement of Health Related Quality-of-Life (Euroqol(C))

Gafni, A and Birch, S (1993). Searching for a Common Currency - Critical-Appraisal of the Scientific Basis Underlying European Harmonization of the Measurement of Health Related Quality-of-Life (Euroqol(C)). Health Policy, 23 (3), 219-228. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(93)90059-X
Alternative funding and delivery models: practice and prospects in Ontario

Abelson, J. and Birch, S. (1993). Alternative funding and delivery models: practice and prospects in Ontario. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 16, 19-29.
Changing the problem to fit the solution: Johannesson and Weinstein's (mis) application of economics to real world problems

Birch, S and Gafni, A (1993). Changing the problem to fit the solution: Johannesson and Weinstein's (mis) application of economics to real world problems. Journal of Health Economics, 12 (4), 469-476. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(93)90006-Z
Guidelines for the adoption of new technology: a potential prescription for uncontrolled growth in expenditures and how to avoid it

Gafni, A. and Birch, S. (1993). Guidelines for the adoption of new technology: a potential prescription for uncontrolled growth in expenditures and how to avoid it. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 148, 913-917.
Is Reasonable Access What We Want - Implications Of, and Challenges To, Current Canadian Policy On Equity in Health-Care

Birch, S and Abelson, J (1993). Is Reasonable Access What We Want - Implications Of, and Challenges To, Current Canadian Policy On Equity in Health-Care. International Journal of Health Services, 23 (4), 629-653. doi: 10.2190/K18V-T33F-1VC4-14RM
To each according to their needs: a community-based approach to resource allocation in health care

Birch, S. and Chambers, S. (1993). To each according to their needs: a community-based approach to resource allocation in health care. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 149, 607-612.
Cost-Effectiveness Utility Analyses - Do Current Decision Rules Lead Us to Where We Want to Be

Birch, S and Gafni, A (1992). Cost-Effectiveness Utility Analyses - Do Current Decision Rules Lead Us to Where We Want to Be. Journal of Health Economics, 11 (3), 279-296. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(92)90004-K
Equity Considerations in Utility-Based Measures of Health Outcomes in Economic Appraisals - An Adjustment Algorithm

Gafni, A and Birch, S (1991). Equity Considerations in Utility-Based Measures of Health Outcomes in Economic Appraisals - An Adjustment Algorithm. Journal of Health Economics, 10 (3), 329-342. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(91)90033-J
A Needs-Based Methodology for Allocating Health-Care Resources in Ontario, Canada - Development and An Application

Eyles, J, Birch, S, Chambers, S, Hurley, J and Hutchison, B (1991). A Needs-Based Methodology for Allocating Health-Care Resources in Ontario, Canada - Development and An Application. Social Science & Medicine, 33 (4), 489-500. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90331-6
Charging for Health-Care - Evidence On the Utilization of Nhs Prescribed Drugs

Ryan, M and Birch, S (1991). Charging for Health-Care - Evidence On the Utilization of Nhs Prescribed Drugs. Social Science & Medicine, 33 (6), 681-687. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90022-5
Economic Evaluation of Alternative Programs of Reduced-Stay Senile Cataract Surgery

Wall, R., Birch, S. and Mcquillin, M. (1991). Economic Evaluation of Alternative Programs of Reduced-Stay Senile Cataract Surgery. Canadian Journal on Aging, 10 (2), 149-164. doi: 10.1017/S0714980800005213
Health care funding

Birch, Stephen (1991). Health care funding. Social Policy and Administration, 25 (4), 300-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9515.1991.tb00364.x
Uncertainty in funding: implications for health service managers

Birch, S. (1991). Uncertainty in funding: implications for health service managers. Social Policy and Administration, 25, 300-310.
Promoting healthy behaviour: the importance of economic analysis in policy formulation for AIDS prevention

Birch, Stephen and Stoddart, Greg (1990). Promoting healthy behaviour: the importance of economic analysis in policy formulation for AIDS prevention. Health Policy, 16 (3), 187-197. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(90)90420-I
The relative cost effectiveness of water fluoridation across communities: analysis of variations according to underlying caries levels

Birch, S. (1990). The relative cost effectiveness of water fluoridation across communities: analysis of variations according to underlying caries levels. Community Dental Health, 7 (1), 3-10.
Estimates of General-Practitioner Workload - a Review

Thomas, K, Birch, S, Milner, P, Nicholl, J, Westlake, L and Williams, B (1989). Estimates of General-Practitioner Workload - a Review. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 39 (329), 509-513.
Health care charges: lessons from the U.K

Birch, S (1989). Health care charges: lessons from the U.K. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 13 (2), 145-57.
Health-Care Charges - Lessons From the Uk

Birch, S (1989). Health-Care Charges - Lessons From the Uk. Health Policy, 13 (2), 145-157. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(89)90069-9
Hypothesis: charges to patients impair the quality of dental care for elderly people

Birch, S. (1989). Hypothesis: charges to patients impair the quality of dental care for elderly people. Age and Ageing, 18 (2), 136-140. doi: 10.1093/ageing/18.2.136
The evaluation of lithotripsy as a treatment for gallstones: a randomised control trial approach in England

Milner, P., Birch, S., Nicholl, J., Westlake, L., Williams, B., Ross, B. and Johnson, A. (1989). The evaluation of lithotripsy as a treatment for gallstones: a randomised control trial approach in England. Journal of Lithotripsy and Stone Disease, 12, 122-132.
Item of Service Remuneration in General-Practice in the Uk - What Can We Learn From Dentists

Birch, S (1988). Item of Service Remuneration in General-Practice in the Uk - What Can We Learn From Dentists. Family Practice, 5 (4), 265-270. doi: 10.1093/fampra/5.4.265
Item of service remuneration in general practice in the UK: what can we learn from dentists?

Birch, S (1988). Item of service remuneration in general practice in the UK: what can we learn from dentists?. Family practice, 5 (4), 265-70.
DRGs U.K. style: a comparison of U.K. and U.S. policies for hospital cost containment and their implications for health status

Birch, Stephen (1988). DRGs U.K. style: a comparison of U.K. and U.S. policies for hospital cost containment and their implications for health status. Health Policy, 10 (2), 143-154. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(88)90003-6
DRGs U.K. style: a comparison of U.K. and U.S. policies for hospital cost containment and their implications for health status

Birch, S. (1988). DRGs U.K. style: a comparison of U.K. and U.S. policies for hospital cost containment and their implications for health status. Health Policy, 10 (2), 143-54.
Gallstone lithotripsy

Mays, Nicholas, Johnson, A. G., Ross, B., Milner, P. C. and Birch, S. (1988). Gallstone lithotripsy. The Lancet, 332 (8608), 457-458. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90451-5
The Identification of Supplier-Inducement in a Fixed Price System of Health-Care Provision - the Case of Dentistry in the United-Kingdom

Birch, S (1988). The Identification of Supplier-Inducement in a Fixed Price System of Health-Care Provision - the Case of Dentistry in the United-Kingdom. Journal of Health Economics, 7 (2), 129-150. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(88)90012-4
Charges for preventive services

Birch, S. (1988). Charges for preventive services. Lancet, 1 (8579), 245-245.
Hospital and community health service costs: England and Scotland compared

Maynard, A. and Birch, S. (1988). Hospital and community health service costs: England and Scotland compared. British Medical Journal, 296 (6618), 360-361.
Market forces and market failure in the General Dental Service: the efficiency and equity implications of manpower redistribution

Birch, S. (1988). Market forces and market failure in the General Dental Service: the efficiency and equity implications of manpower redistribution. Community Dental Health, 5 (2), 95-111.
The regional distribution of family practitioner services: implications for National Health Service equity and efficiency

Birch, S. and Maynard, A. (1987). The regional distribution of family practitioner services: implications for National Health Service equity and efficiency. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 37 (305), 537-539.
Applications of cost-benefit analysis to health care. Departures from welfare economic theory

Birch, S. and Donaldson, C. (1987). Applications of cost-benefit analysis to health care. Departures from welfare economic theory. Journal of Health Economics, 6 (3), 211-225. doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(87)90009-9
Five-year follow up of patients treated with inpatient psychotherapy at the Cassel Hospital for Nervous Diseases

Rosser, R. M., Birch, S., Bond, H., Denford, J. and Schachter, J. (1987). Five-year follow up of patients treated with inpatient psychotherapy at the Cassel Hospital for Nervous Diseases. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 80 (9), 549-555.
Regional differences in the supply of dental care under the general dental service

Birch, S. (1987). Regional differences in the supply of dental care under the general dental service. Hospital and Health Services Review, 83 (4), 155-157.
Cost-Benefit-Analysis - Dealing with the Problems of Indivisible Projects and Fixed Budgets

Birch, S and Donaldson, C (1987). Cost-Benefit-Analysis - Dealing with the Problems of Indivisible Projects and Fixed Budgets. Health Policy, 7 (1), 61-72. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(87)90047-9
Measuring dental health: improvements on the DMF index

Birch, S. (1986). Measuring dental health: improvements on the DMF index. Community Dental Health, 3 (4), 303-311.
Prescription charges

Birch, S. (1986). Prescription charges. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 36 (291), 473-473.
Increasing patient charges in the National Health Service: a method of privatizing primary care

Birch, S. (1986). Increasing patient charges in the National Health Service: a method of privatizing primary care. Journal of Social Policy, 15 (02), 163-184. doi: 10.1017/S0047279400001653
Relationship between increasing prescription charges and consumption in groups not exempt from charges

Birch, S. (1986). Relationship between increasing prescription charges and consumption in groups not exempt from charges. Journal of The Royal College of General Practitioners, 36 (285), 154-156.
Tamoxifen prophylaxis

Gazet, J. C., Basco, V. E., Coppin, C. M.L., Rebbeck, P. M., Daly, Michael J., Wong, Wilson, Pike, M. C., Coleman, M. P., Milner, Philip, Johnson, Ian, Birch, Stephen, Williams, Brian, Simpson, H. W. and Candlish, W. (1986). Tamoxifen prophylaxis. The Lancet, 327 (8475), 263-265. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90792-0
Measuring dental health: the inadequacies of the DMF index

Birch, S. (1986). Measuring dental health: the inadequacies of the DMF index. Community Dental Health, 3, 303-311.
Performance indicators and performance assessment in the UK National Health Service: implications for management and planning

Birch, Stephen and Maynard, Alan (1986). Performance indicators and performance assessment in the UK National Health Service: implications for management and planning. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 1 (2), 143-156. doi: 10.1002/hpm.4740010206
NHS patient charges and the privatisation of dental care

Birch, S. (1985). NHS patient charges and the privatisation of dental care. British Dental Journal, 159 (11), 377-378. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4805733
Impact of nationwide anti-smoking campaign

Williams, B.T. and Birch, S. (1985). Impact of nationwide anti-smoking campaign. Lancet, 326 (8460), 890-890.
Dental manpower

Birch, Stephen and Maynard, Alan (1985). Dental manpower. Social Policy and Administration, 19 (3), 199-217. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9515.1985.tb00235.x
Contracting out. Tread carefully: private waters

Birch, S. (1985). Contracting out. Tread carefully: private waters. Health and Social Service Journal, 95 (4951), 710-711.
Patient charges. Prescription for privatisation

Birch, S. (1985). Patient charges. Prescription for privatisation. Health and Social Service Journal, 95 (4947), 576-577.
Caring for the elderly - a European perspective on today and tomorrow

Culyer, A.J. and Birch, S. (1985). Caring for the elderly - a European perspective on today and tomorrow. Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, 10 (3), 469-487. doi: 10.1215/03616878-10-3-469
Equity and Efficiency in Medical Manpower-Planning - Defining Objectives and Looking Towards the Future

Birch, S (1985). Equity and Efficiency in Medical Manpower-Planning - Defining Objectives and Looking Towards the Future. Health Policy, 4 (4), 341-346. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(85)90015-6
Equity and efficiency in medical manpower planning: defining objectives and looking towards the future

Birch, S (1985). Equity and efficiency in medical manpower planning: defining objectives and looking towards the future. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 4 (4), 341-6.
Policy implications of contracting out care: The case of total hip replacements

Birch, S. (1985). Policy implications of contracting out care: The case of total hip replacements. Hospital and Health Services Review, 81 (6), 281-284.

Conference Publication

Information created to evade reality (ICER) - Things we should not look to for answers

Birch, Stephen and Gafni, Amiram (2006). Information created to evade reality (ICER) - Things we should not look to for answers. ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200624110-00008
Willingness to pay and the valuation of programmes for the prevention and control of influenza

Birch, S, Gafni, A and O'Brien, B (1999). Willingness to pay and the valuation of programmes for the prevention and control of influenza. Symposium on Socioeconomics of Influenza and its Control Measures (ESWI), Geneva Switzerland, Oct, 1998. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199916001-00008
Evaluation of lithotripsy as a treatment for gallstones. The randomized controlled trial approach in England

Williams, B., Johnson, A., Ross, B., Milner, P., Birch, S. and Nicholl, J. (1988). Evaluation of lithotripsy as a treatment for gallstones. The randomized controlled trial approach in England. First International Symposium on Biliary Lithotripsy, Boston, MA, United States, 11-13 July 1988.

Other Outputs

Assessing the impact of clinical trials: a scoping literature review

Tuffaha, Haitham and Birch, Stephen (2022). Assessing the impact of clinical trials: a scoping literature review. Melbourne, VIC Australia: Australian Clinical Trials Alliance.
A pilot study to prospectively estimate the health and economic return on research investment

Tuffaha, Haitham and Birch, Stephen (2022). A pilot study to prospectively estimate the health and economic return on research investment. Melbourne, VIC Australia: Australian Clinical Trials Alliance.
Estimating the return on investment of a randomised controlled trial on telehealth-based medical nutrition intervention in rural and regional Australia

Tuffaha, Haitham and Birch, Stephen (2021). Estimating the return on investment of a randomised controlled trial on telehealth-based medical nutrition intervention in rural and regional Australia. Armidale, NSW Australia: Spinifex Network.
Preserve and protect: how far should governments go in restricting people’s freedoms in the name of public health?

Jetten, Jolanda, Birch, Stephen, Gilks, Charles, Ananian-Welsh, Rebecca, Burgh, Gilbert and Thorpe, Karen (2020, 12 15). Preserve and protect: how far should governments go in restricting people’s freedoms in the name of public health? Contact Magazine
Cone Beam CT for Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology: Evidence Based Guidelines, Radiation Protection Publication 172

SEDENTEXCT consortium, Horner, Keith, Lindh, Christina, Birch, Stephen and Christell, Helena (2012). Cone Beam CT for Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology: Evidence Based Guidelines, Radiation Protection Publication 172. Luxembourg: European Commission.

Grants (Administered at UQ)

ARC Research Hub for Advanced Manufacture of Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals

(2023–2028) ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hubs
Incorporating the gains from healthy ageing in health system planning

(2022–2025) ARC Discovery Projects
Developing Cultural Sensitivity and Capability through Communication Training for Mental Health Professionals (MRFF Indigenous Health Research Grant led by QIMRB)

(2021–2023) Queensland Institute of Medical Research
Child Dental Benefit Policies and the Health of Australian Children

(2020–2023) ARC Discovery Projects
Cost benefit analysis and recommendations on the centralised equipment sterilisation procedures used within WMHHS Oral Health Services compared to re-implementing remote sterilisation procedures

(2019–2020) West Moreton Hospital and Health Service

PhD and MPhil Supervision

Current Supervision

Investing in health as a pathway to improved economic performance

Doctor Philosophy — Principal Advisor
Other advisors:
- Dr Marcin Sowa
Exploring the complex relationships between pre-existing conditions and cancer diagnosis in an ageing population

Doctor Philosophy — Principal Advisor
Uncertainty, Learning and Growth Dynamics in Export Markets

Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
- Professor Luke Connelly
- Professor KK Tang
Developing a health workforce planning framework to better utilise the advanced practitioner role.

Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Incorporating the Gains from Healthy Ageing in Health System Planning

Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
- Professor Luke Connelly
- Dr Sabrina Lenzen
The Economics of Child Health: Determinants of Child Physical and Mental Health and their Long-Term Consequences

Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
- Professor Luke Connelly

Completed Supervision

Economics of Ageing, Health Outcomes and Workforce Planning

(2023) Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
- Professor Brenda Gannon
- Dr Christiern Rose

This staff member is a UQ Expert for media in the following fields:

health economics, economic evaluation of health care systems, equity in health care resource allocation, health care funding, health workforce planning

They are happy to lend their expertise to your articles or broadcasts and share their research discoveries and insights with the community via media channels.

For additional assistance with story ideas, general advice and information or help with seeking further experts, please email the UQ Media Team or telephone (07) 3365 1120.

The University of Queensland

UQ Researchers