Professor Kesh Baboolal is registered with both the Australian Medical Board and General Medical Council UK as a Nephrologist and Physician in Internal Medicine. He was awarded FRACP and FRCP from the Royal College of Physicians in both the Australia and the UK. He is currently a consultant nephrologist and general physician at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. He has a sub specialist interest in renal transplantation.
Professor Baboolal graduated from St Thomas’s Hospital, University of London. He undertook post-graduate training at the Nuffield Department of Medicine in Oxford and Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London. He was awarded a Juvenile Diabetes International Research Fellow at Stanford University, where he undertook a clinical and research fellowship in Nephrology from 1990-95. He completed his doctorate degree, Doctor of Medicine (MD) and was subsequently appointed as a consultant in nephrology, renal transplantation and general medicine in 1997 at the University Hospital of Wales UK, where he worked until 2012. In 2012 he moved with his family to Australia.
In 2003, Professor Baboolal successfully completed an LLM in Legal Aspects of Medical Practice from Cardiff University Law School. His dissertation entitled “My body as my property” explored whether property rights exist in the body and whether the development of property rights would provide a legal framework to design legislation that regulates organ donation and transplantation.
In 2006, he completed an eMBA program at INSEAD Paris which, together with the European Health Leadership Program at INSEAD, has provided him with the business knowledge and leadership skills required for senior leadership in healthcare services.
Throughout his clinical career, Professor Keshwar Baboolal has maintained a number of interests related to his specialist clinical experience, including:
Research
An active research program in areas related to nephrology, transplantation and health economics. He has published extensively in leading international peer reviewed journals. He has also received peer-reviewed grants, lectured at national and international meetings and has been on editorial boards of international medical journals.
Medico-Legal Interests
Professor Baboolal has helped develop clinical, ethical and regulatory guidelines for many aspects of transplantation in the UK on behalf of the UK Government, UK Department of Health, UK Royal Colleges and Professional Bodies including the British Transplant Society.
Medical Leadership
Professor Baboolal has undertaken a number of medical leadership roles in the UK and Australia. Using the business knowledge and leadership skills together with his clinical knowledge and experience, Professor Baboolal has taken forward a number of initiatives that have redefined and improved clinical services to deliver efficient, high quality services that meet the needs of patients and their families
Renal Research
Professor Keshwar was awarded a National Kidney Research Fellowship and Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International Research Fellowship in the Division of Nephrology at Stanford University, California from 1992-1995. He studied the role of the renin angiotensin system in models of progressive renal disease. I have led a research group of post doctorate scientists, clinician trainees and MD candidates that has explored the role of the renin angiotensin system in human renal disease.
Within transplantation Professor Baboolal has studied and explored the molecular determinants of renal allograft nephropathy as well as explored the pathophysiology of new onset diabetes after transplantation. This work has included laboratory based basic science research, clinical research involving complex physiology measurements in humans and clinical trials. With regards to clinical trials he has been both a principal investigator and supported multicentre international investigations. The work has been funded through a number of peer reviewed competive research grants. The outputs of this work have been published in International peer reviewed journals, presented at International Meetings as both invited speakers and as abstracts.
Health Economics
More recently Professor Baboolal has developed a research interest in healthcare economics related to renal disease and transplantation.
As a consequence of this work he has been asked to provide expert advice to N.I.C.E. (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) and the Department of Health UK to help set the National Tariff for renal replacement therapy in the UK.
Operational Research.
Professor Baboolal created an Operational Research Unit in collaboration with the School of Mathematics at Cardiff University. The work used operational sciences including modelling and forecasting to help optimise the design of clinical services and systems, particulary in Emergency Departments
Ethical and Regulatory Guidelines Related to Transplantation
Professor Baboolal has also been involved in developing clinical, ethical and regulatory guidelines for many aspects of transplantation.
Journal Article: Cost-effectiveness and budget impact snalysis of implementing a 'soft opt-out' system for kidney donation in Australia
Senanayake, Sameera, Healy, Helen, McPhail, Steven M., Baboolal, Keshwar and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2022). Cost-effectiveness and budget impact snalysis of implementing a 'soft opt-out' system for kidney donation in Australia. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 20 (5), 769-779. doi: 10.1007/s40258-022-00747-8
Journal Article: Cryptococcus neoformans infection as a cause of severe hyperammonaemia and encephalopathy
Stewart, Adam G., Sinclair, Holly, Chapman, Paul, Baboolal, Keshwar, Barber, Bridget E. and Townsend, Shane (2021). Cryptococcus neoformans infection as a cause of severe hyperammonaemia and encephalopathy. Internal Medicine Journal, 51 (10), 1750-1751. doi: 10.1111/imj.15516
Journal Article: Development and validation of a risk index to predict kidney graft survival: the kidney transplant risk index
Senanayake, Sameera, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, Healy, Helen, Graves, Nicholas, Baboolal, Keshwar, Sypek, Matthew P. and Barnett, Adrian (2021). Development and validation of a risk index to predict kidney graft survival: the kidney transplant risk index. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21 (1) 127, 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12874-021-01319-5
Senanayake, Sameera, Healy, Helen, McPhail, Steven M., Baboolal, Keshwar and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2022). Cost-effectiveness and budget impact snalysis of implementing a 'soft opt-out' system for kidney donation in Australia. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 20 (5), 769-779. doi: 10.1007/s40258-022-00747-8
Cryptococcus neoformans infection as a cause of severe hyperammonaemia and encephalopathy
Stewart, Adam G., Sinclair, Holly, Chapman, Paul, Baboolal, Keshwar, Barber, Bridget E. and Townsend, Shane (2021). Cryptococcus neoformans infection as a cause of severe hyperammonaemia and encephalopathy. Internal Medicine Journal, 51 (10), 1750-1751. doi: 10.1111/imj.15516
Senanayake, Sameera, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, Healy, Helen, Graves, Nicholas, Baboolal, Keshwar, Sypek, Matthew P. and Barnett, Adrian (2021). Development and validation of a risk index to predict kidney graft survival: the kidney transplant risk index. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21 (1) 127, 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12874-021-01319-5
Senanayake, Sameera, Graves, Nicholas, Healy, Helen, Baboolal, Keshwar, Barnett, Adrian and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2021). Time-to-event analysis in economic evaluations: a comparison of modelling methods to assess the cost-effectiveness of transplanting a marginal quality kidney. Health Economics Review, 11 (1) 13, 13. doi: 10.1186/s13561-021-00312-4
Donor kidney quality and transplant outcome: an economic evaluation of contemporary practice
Senanayake, Sameera, Graves, Nicholas, Healy, Helen, Baboolal, Keshwar, Barnett, Adrian, Sypek, Matthew P. and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2020). Donor kidney quality and transplant outcome: an economic evaluation of contemporary practice. Value in Health, 23 (12), 1561-1569. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.07.007
Senanayake, Sameera, Graves, Nicholas, Healy, Helen, Baboolal, Keshwar, Barnett, Adrian, Sypek, Matthew P. and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2020). Deceased donor kidney allocation: an economic evaluation of contemporary longevity matching practices. BMC Health Services Research, 20 (1) 931, 931. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05736-y
Senanayake, Sameera, Graves, Nicholas, Healy, Helen, Baboolal, Keshwar and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2020). Cost-utility analysis in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing kidney transplant; what pays? A systematic review. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 18 (1) 18, 18. doi: 10.1186/s12962-020-00213-z
Senanayake, Sameera, Barnett, Adrian, Graves, Nicholas, Healy, Helen, Baboolal, Keshwar and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2020). Using machine learning techniques to develop risk prediction models to predict graft failure following kidney transplantation: protocol for a retrospective cohort study. F1000Research, 8 1810, 1810. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.20661.2
Senanayake, Sameera, White, Nicole, Graves, Nicholas, Healy, Helen, Baboolal, Keshwar and Kularatna, Sanjeewa (2019). Machine learning in predicting graft failure following kidney transplantation: a systematic review of published predictive models. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 130 103957, 103957. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103957
Zhang, Jianzhen, Healy, Helen G., Baboolal, Keshwar, Wang, Zaimin, Venuthurupalli, Sree K., Tan, Ken-Soon, Cameron, Anne, Hoy, Wendy E., CKD.QLD Collaborative, Fassett, Robert, Han, Thin, Kan, George, Titus, Thomas, Madhan, Krishan, Mantha, Murty, Banny, Chris, Govindarajulu, Sridivi, Gray, Nicholas, Rolfe, Andrea, Ranganathan, Dwarakanathan, Mutatiri, Clyson, Hossain, Shahadat, Wu, Danielle and Cherian, Roy (2019). Frequency and consequences of acute kidney injury in patients with CKD: a registry study in Queensland Australia. Kidney Medicine, 1 (4), 180-190. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2019.06.005
Crowd Sourcing for Organs: A Social Dilemma
Baboolal, Kesh (2018). Crowd Sourcing for Organs: A Social Dilemma. Transplantation, 102 (9), 1405-1406. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002210
Nagaraja, Pramod, Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod and Baboolal, Keshwar (2014). Long-term progression of abnormal glucose tolerance and its relationship with the metabolic syndrome after kidney transplantation. Transplantation, 97 (5), 576-581. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000438202.11971.2e
The Economic Burden of Posttransplant Events in Renal Transplant Recipients in Europe
Chamberlain, George, Baboolal, Keshwar, Bennett, Hayley, Pockett, Rhys D., McEwan, Phil, Sabater, Javier and Sennfält, Karin (2014). The Economic Burden of Posttransplant Events in Renal Transplant Recipients in Europe. Transplantation, 97 (8), 854-861. doi: 10.1097/01.TP.0000438205.04348.69
Pockett, Rhys D., Cevro, Emir, Chamberlain, George, Scott-Coombes, David and Baboolal, Kesh (2013). Assessment of Resource Use and Costs Associated with Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in End Stage Renal Disease in the UK. Journal of Medical Economics, 17 (3), 198-206. doi: 10.3111/13696998.2013.869227
Role of insulin resistance indices in predicting new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation
Nagaraja, Pramod, Ravindran, Vinod, Morris-Stiff, Gareth and Baboolal, Kesh (2012). Role of insulin resistance indices in predicting new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Transplant International, 26 (3), 273-280. doi: 10.1111/tri.12026
How efficient can an emergency unit be? A perfect world model
Baboolal, Kesh, Griffiths, Jeff D., Knight, Vincent A., Nelson, Andrew V., Voake, Cheryl and Williams, Janet E. (2012). How efficient can an emergency unit be? A perfect world model. Emergency Medicine Journal, 29 (12), 972-977. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2011-200101
Neri, Luca, McEwan, Phil, Sennfält, Karin and Baboolal, Kesh (2012). Characterizing the relationship between health utility and renal function after kidney transplantation in UK and US: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10 (1), 139. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-139
Complications associated with new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation
Sharif, Adnan and Baboolal, Keshwar (2011). Complications associated with new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 8 (1), 34-42. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.174
Update on dialysis economics in the UK
Sharif, Adnan and Baboolal, Keshwar (2011). Update on dialysis economics in the UK. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 31 (S2), S58-S62. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2009.00222
Risk factors for new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation
Sharif, Adnan and Baboolal, Keshwar (2010). Risk factors for new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 6 (7), 415-423. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.66
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod K., Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve D., Owens, David R. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2010). Impending Hyperglycemia in Normoglycemic Renal Transplant Recipients-An Experimental Predictive Surrogate. Transplantation, 89 (11), 1341-1346. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181d9e1d8
Diagnostic Application of the A(1c) Assay in Renal Disease
Sharif, Adnan and Baboolal, Keshwar (2010). Diagnostic Application of the A(1c) Assay in Renal Disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 21 (3), 383-385. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010010031
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve, Owens, David R. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2010). Comparison of Rival Metabolic Syndrome Classifications Against Pathophysiological Markers in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation, 89 (3), 347-352. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181bd06d2
Insulin Resistance Indexes in Renal Transplant Recipients Maintained on Tacrolimus Immunosuppression
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Moore, Richard H., Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve, Owens, David R. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2010). Insulin Resistance Indexes in Renal Transplant Recipients Maintained on Tacrolimus Immunosuppression. Transplantation, 89 (3), 327-333. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181bbf2c4
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Moore, Richard H., Baboolal, Keshwar, Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve and Owens, David R. (2009). Complex Interplay Between Insulinemia, Glycemia, and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Nondiabetic Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation, 88 (2), 290-292. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181acc901
Ravindran, Vinod K., Moore, Richard H., Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve D., Owens, David R. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2009). Insulin Hyposecretion in Nondiabetic, Tacrolimus-Treated Renal Transplant Recipients More Than 6 months Posttransplantation. Transplantation, 87 (12), 1870-1876. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a767b3
The cost of renal dialysis in a UK setting - a multicentre study
Baboolal, Keshwar, McEwan, Philip, Sondhi, Seema, Spiewanowski, Piotr, Wechowski, Jaroslaw and Wilson, Karen (2008). The cost of renal dialysis in a UK setting - a multicentre study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23 (6), 1982-1989. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfm870
Influence of lifestyle modification in renal transplant recipients with postprandial hyperglycemia
Sharif, Adnan, Moore, Richard and Baboolal, Keshwar (2008). Influence of lifestyle modification in renal transplant recipients with postprandial hyperglycemia. Transplantation, 85 (3), 353-358. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181605ebf
Sharif, Adnan, Moore, Richard H. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2006). Use of oral glucose tolerance tests to risk stratify for new-onset diabetes after transplantation: An underdiagnosed phenomenon. Transplantation, 82 (12), 1667-1672. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000250924.99855.42
TUBULOINTERSTITIAL INJURY AND IMPAIRED RENAL-FUNCTION AFTER RECOVERY FROM ACUTE PUROMYCIN NEPHROSIS
BABOOLAL, K and MEYER, TW (1995). TUBULOINTERSTITIAL INJURY AND IMPAIRED RENAL-FUNCTION AFTER RECOVERY FROM ACUTE PUROMYCIN NEPHROSIS. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology, 269 (3), F331-F338. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1995.269.3.F331
Chan, S., Chatfield, M. and Baboolal, K. (2018). Exploring the impact of recipient age with kidney donor risk index and estimated glomerular filtration rate at one year following kidney transplant. American Transplant Congress, Seattle, WA, United States, 2-6 June, 2018. Hoboken, NJ, United States: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14918
Nagaraja, P., Sharif, A., Ravindran, V. and Baboolal, K. (2012). A Long-Term Prospective Study of the Progression of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Renal Allograft Recipients. American Transplant Congress, Boston Ma, May, 2012. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
Long-Term Impact of Early Glucose Intolerance on Survival in Kidney Transplantation
Nagaraja, P., Ravindran, V., Morris-Stiff, G. and Baboolal, K. (2011). Long-Term Impact of Early Glucose Intolerance on Survival in Kidney Transplantation. American Transplant Congress, Philadelphia Pa, 2011. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
Sharif, A., Moore, R. and Baboolal, K. (2011). Waist-Hip Ratio Is Superior to Body Mass Index as an Assessment of Central Obesity Post-Transplantation. American Transplant Congress, Philadelphia Pa, 2011. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
Predicting Impending Hyperglycemia in Normoglycemic Renal Transplant Recipients
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod K., Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve D., Owens, David R. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2010). Predicting Impending Hyperglycemia in Normoglycemic Renal Transplant Recipients. 10th American Transplant Congress, San Diego Ca, May 01-05, 2010. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC.
Kamaraj, Kam and Baboolal, Keshwar (2009). GLUCOSE METABOLISM FOLLOWING CONVERSION FROM CNI TO SIROLIMUS BASED IMMUNOSUPRESSION IN STABLE RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC.
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Moore, Richard, Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve, Owens, David and Baboolal, Keshwar (2009). HbA1c, but Not Fasting Glucose or Insulin, Is Independently Associated with Early Pathophysiological Parameters Indicative of Worsening Glycemic Metabolism Post-Transplantation - A Multivariate Analysis. 9th Joint Meeting of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeon/American-Society-of-Transplantation, Boston Ma, May 30-Jun 03, 2009. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Moore, Richard, Luzio, Steve, Dunseath, Gareth, Owens, David and Baboolal, Keshwar (2009). Influence of Rosuvastatin on Attenuation of the Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Diabetic Renal Transplant Recipients. 9th Joint Meeting of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeon/American-Society-of-Transplantation, Boston Ma, May 30-Jun 03, 2009. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Moore, Richard, Dunseath, Gareth, Luzio, Steve, Owens, David and Baboolal, Keshwar (2009). Poor Correlation between Insulin Resistance Indexes and Insulin Sensitivity in Non-Diabetic Renal Transplant Recipients Maintained on Tacrolimus Treatment. 9th Joint Meeting of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeon/American-Society-of-Transplantation, Boston Ma, May 30-Jun 03, 2009. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC.
Baboolal, Keshwar, Zaiac, Micheal, Zamauskaite, Aurelia and Newstead, Charles (2009). This Multicentre, Randomised Study Comparing Conversion from Calcineurin Inhibitors (CNIs) to Sirolimus Versus Standard Therapy in Renal Allograft Recipients Showed a Lower Rate of Development of Subsequent Malignant Disease in the Group Receiving Sirolimus. 9th Joint Meeting of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeon/American-Society-of-Transplantation, Boston Ma, May 30-Jun 03, 2009. MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC.
Sharif, Adnan, Ravindran, Vinod, Moore, Richard H. and Baboolal, Keshwar (2008). City mouse, country mouse: No difference in outcomes for renal transplant recipients followed at Canadian transplant and satellite centres. 8th American Transplant Congress, Toronto Canada, May 31-Jun 04, 2008. OXFORD: BLACKWELL PUBLISHING.
Baboolal, K (2004). Six month interim analysis of a phase III prospective, randomised study to compare conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to Rapamycin in established renal allograft recipients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency. American Transplant Congress, Boston Ma, May 14-19, 2004. COPENHAGEN: BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD.
Barr, C, Buchalter, M, Morris-Stiff, G, Singh, J, Quiroga, , Baboo, R, Stockdill, H, Baboolal, K and Jurewicz, WA (1999). Blood pressure and left ventricular mass (LVM) changes following renal transplantation in patients receiving calcineurin inhibitors. PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00317
Is homocysteine an important risk factor for the transplant recipient?
Quiroga, , Morris-Stiff, G, Baboo, R, Stockdill, H, Singh, J, Jones, GV, Janezic, A, Oleesky, D, McDowell, , Baboolal, K and Jurewicz, WA (1999). Is homocysteine an important risk factor for the transplant recipient?. PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00337
Logan, A, Morris-Stiff, G, Bowrey, DJ, Singh, J, Jones, GV, Janezic, A, Baboolal, K and Jurewicz, WA (1999). New onset symptomatic oesophago-gastric disease following renal transplantation: Endoscopic findings in the modern immunosuppressive Era. PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00352
Baboo, R, Morris-Stiff, G, Quiroga, , Singh, J, Stockdill, H, Jones, GV, Janezic, A, Baboolal, K and Jurewiez, WA (1999). Sequential assessment of non-immunological risk factors for the development of chronic graft nephropathy comparison of prograf & neoral regimes. PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00355
Morris-Stift, G, Griffiths, D, Jones, D, Quiroga, , Baboo, R, Singh, J, Stockdill, H, Jones, GV, Janezic, A, Baboolal, K and Jurewicz, WA (1999). What is the true incidence of acute rejection (AR) in renal transplant recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitors?. PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00042
Association of the ACE gene deletion polymorphism and early onset of ESRF in PKD1 ADPKD
Baboolal, K, Ravine, D, Daniels, J, Coles, GA and Williams, JD (1997). Association of the ACE gene deletion polymorphism and early onset of ESRF in PKD1 ADPKD. MALDEN: BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC.
Structural determinants of ultrafiltration coefficient in early diabetic nephropathy
Baboolal, K, Coles, GA and Williams, JD (1997). Structural determinants of ultrafiltration coefficient in early diabetic nephropathy. MALDEN: BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC.
Baboolal, K, Daniels, J, Ravine, D, Coles, GA and Williams, JD (1996). Ace gene polymorphism in patients with PKD1 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD1 ADPKD). WASHINGTON: AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY.
CHRONIC RENAL INJURY FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM ACUTE PUROMYCIN (PAN) NEPHROSIS
BABOOLAL, K and MEYER, TW (1994). CHRONIC RENAL INJURY FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM ACUTE PUROMYCIN (PAN) NEPHROSIS. BALTIMORE: WILLIAMS & WILKINS.