Zannie Langford is a social scientist and economist with an interest in land, food and rural livelihoods in Indonesia, Northern Australia, and the Pacific. She has worked on a range of topics related to agribusiness and rural development with a particular interest in Indonesia and the Pacific.
Journal Article: Interventionist industry policy to support local value-adding: evidence from the Eastern Indonesian seaweed industry
Langford, Alexandra, Turupadang, Welem and Waldron, Scott (2023). Interventionist industry policy to support local value-adding: evidence from the Eastern Indonesian seaweed industry. Marine Policy, 151 105561, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105561
Journal Article: Developing food markets in Vanuatu: re-examining remote island geographies of food production and trade
Langford, Alexandra (2022). Developing food markets in Vanuatu: re-examining remote island geographies of food production and trade. World Development Perspectives, 28 100463, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100463
Journal Article: Price analysis of the Indonesian carrageenan seaweed industry
Langford, Alexandra, Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott, Julianto, Boedi, Siradjuddin, Irsyadi, Neish, Iain and Nuryartono, Nunung (2022). Price analysis of the Indonesian carrageenan seaweed industry. Aquaculture, 550 737828, 737828. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737828
Journal Article: A ‘Rule of Thumb’ and the return on investment: the role of valuation devices in the financialization of Northern Australian pastoral land
Langford, Alexandra (2022). A ‘Rule of Thumb’ and the return on investment: the role of valuation devices in the financialization of Northern Australian pastoral land. Valuation Studies, 8 (2), 37-60. doi: 10.3384/vs.2001-5992.2021.8.2.37-60
Journal Article: Financialization for development? Asset making on Indigenous land in remote northern Australia
Langford, Alexandra, Lawrence, Geoffrey and Smith, Kiah (2021). Financialization for development? Asset making on Indigenous land in remote northern Australia. Development and Change, 52 (3), 574-597. doi: 10.1111/dech.12648
Journal Article: Monitoring the COVID-19-affected Indonesian seaweed industry using remote sensing data
Langford, Alexandra, Waldron, Scott, Sulfahri, and Saleh, Hasnawati (2021). Monitoring the COVID-19-affected Indonesian seaweed industry using remote sensing data. Marine Policy, 127 104431, 104431. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104431
Book Chapter: 'I want to sleep at night as well': guilt and care in the making of agricultural credit markets
Langford, Alexandra, Brekelmans, Alana and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2021). 'I want to sleep at night as well': guilt and care in the making of agricultural credit markets. Markets in their place: context, culture, finance. (pp. 122-140) edited by Russell Prince, Matthew Henry, Carolyn Morris, Aisling Gallagher and Stephen FitzHerbert. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780429296260-7
Journal Article: Financialising governance? State actor engagement with private finance for rural development in the Northern Territory of Australia
Langford, Alexandra, Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2020). Financialising governance? State actor engagement with private finance for rural development in the Northern Territory of Australia. Research in Globalization, 2 100026, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100026
Journal Article: Capitalising the farm family entrepreneur: negotiating private equity partnerships in Australia
Langford, Alexandra (2019). Capitalising the farm family entrepreneur: negotiating private equity partnerships in Australia. Australian Geographer, 50 (4), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/00049182.2019.1682320
Other Outputs: Vanuatu Custom Land Management Policy Outlook
Alexandra Langford (2019). Vanuatu Custom Land Management Policy Outlook. Port Vila: Custom Land Management Office.
(2022–2023) Monash University
(2022) Monash University
(2022) Monash University
A cold chain logistics framework for fisheries in small island regions; the case of Kei Islands in Indonesia
Doctor Philosophy
Financing for Sustainable Development
There is a global shift in development financing towards greater involvement of the private sector in the implementation of development projects. A commitment to this model was articulated in the 2015 United Nations Addis Ababa Action Agenda, which offered a ‘global framework for financing development’, designed to be a ‘means of implementation’ for the post-2015 development agenda. Rather than direct state investment in community development projects, the Agenda explicitly encouraged the use of impact investment or ‘blended value’ investment models for sustainable development, in which investments are made in enterprises which generate financial return as well as positive social and environmental impacts. It is argued that the use of private sector funds for development in this way will facilitate a shift in funding scale and offers new mechanisms for engagement the private sector in the implementation of development projects and the achievement of sustainable development goals. However, research linking the emerging global patterns of development financing with on-the-ground impacts in rural communities is still emerging, particularly in the context of rural agriculture. I am available to supervise students interested in exploring emerging trends in development financing from a range of angles, particularly using case studies from Indonesia and the Pacific islands.
Seaweed farming and rural livelihoods
Over the last two decades, seaweed farming has transformed rural livelihoods in many coastal communities across Indonesia. Driven by growing demand for carrageenan, a gelling agent used in a range of processed food, farming of carrageenan-containing seaweeds has expanded exponentially. The industry is almost completely dominated by smallholder farmers, who are able to work around seasonal and tidal variations. Seaweed farming has provided high incomes for of these farmers as it is often more profitable than fishing. However, it is also an industry characterised by risk due to the variability of ocean conditions and the impact of rainfall, which causes sudden changes in ocean salinity which often lead to widespread seaweed death – an issue which is likely to intensify with a changing climate. I am interested in supervising student wishing to explore socioeconomic dimensions of tropical seaweed farming in Indonesia and other tropical seaweed producing areas (eg. Philippines, Malaysia, Tanzania, Solomon Islands).
Langford, Alexandra, Turupadang, Welem and Waldron, Scott (2023). Interventionist industry policy to support local value-adding: evidence from the Eastern Indonesian seaweed industry. Marine Policy, 151 105561, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105561
Langford, Alexandra (2022). Developing food markets in Vanuatu: re-examining remote island geographies of food production and trade. World Development Perspectives, 28 100463, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100463
Price analysis of the Indonesian carrageenan seaweed industry
Langford, Alexandra, Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott, Julianto, Boedi, Siradjuddin, Irsyadi, Neish, Iain and Nuryartono, Nunung (2022). Price analysis of the Indonesian carrageenan seaweed industry. Aquaculture, 550 737828, 737828. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737828
Langford, Alexandra (2022). A ‘Rule of Thumb’ and the return on investment: the role of valuation devices in the financialization of Northern Australian pastoral land. Valuation Studies, 8 (2), 37-60. doi: 10.3384/vs.2001-5992.2021.8.2.37-60
Financialization for development? Asset making on Indigenous land in remote northern Australia
Langford, Alexandra, Lawrence, Geoffrey and Smith, Kiah (2021). Financialization for development? Asset making on Indigenous land in remote northern Australia. Development and Change, 52 (3), 574-597. doi: 10.1111/dech.12648
Monitoring the COVID-19-affected Indonesian seaweed industry using remote sensing data
Langford, Alexandra, Waldron, Scott, Sulfahri, and Saleh, Hasnawati (2021). Monitoring the COVID-19-affected Indonesian seaweed industry using remote sensing data. Marine Policy, 127 104431, 104431. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104431
'I want to sleep at night as well': guilt and care in the making of agricultural credit markets
Langford, Alexandra, Brekelmans, Alana and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2021). 'I want to sleep at night as well': guilt and care in the making of agricultural credit markets. Markets in their place: context, culture, finance. (pp. 122-140) edited by Russell Prince, Matthew Henry, Carolyn Morris, Aisling Gallagher and Stephen FitzHerbert. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780429296260-7
Langford, Alexandra, Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2020). Financialising governance? State actor engagement with private finance for rural development in the Northern Territory of Australia. Research in Globalization, 2 100026, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100026
Capitalising the farm family entrepreneur: negotiating private equity partnerships in Australia
Langford, Alexandra (2019). Capitalising the farm family entrepreneur: negotiating private equity partnerships in Australia. Australian Geographer, 50 (4), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/00049182.2019.1682320
Vanuatu Custom Land Management Policy Outlook
Alexandra Langford (2019). Vanuatu Custom Land Management Policy Outlook. Port Vila: Custom Land Management Office.
'I want to sleep at night as well': guilt and care in the making of agricultural credit markets
Langford, Alexandra, Brekelmans, Alana and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2021). 'I want to sleep at night as well': guilt and care in the making of agricultural credit markets. Markets in their place: context, culture, finance. (pp. 122-140) edited by Russell Prince, Matthew Henry, Carolyn Morris, Aisling Gallagher and Stephen FitzHerbert. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780429296260-7
Stone, Serafina, Langford, Zannie, Arsyi, Risya, Lapong, Imran, Zach, Zulung, Ruhon, Radhiyah, Julianto, Boedi, Siradjuddin, Irsyadi, Wong, Annie and Waldron, Scott (2023). Technology adoption by smallholder farmers: the case of drying technology in the Indonesian seaweed industry. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/jadee-01-2023-0011
China’s growing influence in the global carrageenan industry and implications for Indonesia
Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott, Langford, Zannie, Julianto, Boedi and Komarek, Adam Martin (2023). China’s growing influence in the global carrageenan industry and implications for Indonesia. Journal of Applied Phycology. doi: 10.1007/s10811-023-03004-0
Langford, Alexandra, Turupadang, Welem and Waldron, Scott (2023). Interventionist industry policy to support local value-adding: evidence from the Eastern Indonesian seaweed industry. Marine Policy, 151 105561, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105561
Tracking farmland investment in Australia: Institutional finance and the politics of data mapping
Smith, Kiah, Langford, Alexandra and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2022). Tracking farmland investment in Australia: Institutional finance and the politics of data mapping. Journal of Agrarian Change, 23 (3), 518-546. doi: 10.1111/joac.12531
Langford, Alexandra (2022). Developing food markets in Vanuatu: re-examining remote island geographies of food production and trade. World Development Perspectives, 28 100463, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100463
Price analysis of the Indonesian carrageenan seaweed industry
Langford, Alexandra, Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott, Julianto, Boedi, Siradjuddin, Irsyadi, Neish, Iain and Nuryartono, Nunung (2022). Price analysis of the Indonesian carrageenan seaweed industry. Aquaculture, 550 737828, 737828. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737828
Langford, Alexandra (2022). A ‘Rule of Thumb’ and the return on investment: the role of valuation devices in the financialization of Northern Australian pastoral land. Valuation Studies, 8 (2), 37-60. doi: 10.3384/vs.2001-5992.2021.8.2.37-60
Financialization for development? Asset making on Indigenous land in remote northern Australia
Langford, Alexandra, Lawrence, Geoffrey and Smith, Kiah (2021). Financialization for development? Asset making on Indigenous land in remote northern Australia. Development and Change, 52 (3), 574-597. doi: 10.1111/dech.12648
Monitoring the COVID-19-affected Indonesian seaweed industry using remote sensing data
Langford, Alexandra, Waldron, Scott, Sulfahri, and Saleh, Hasnawati (2021). Monitoring the COVID-19-affected Indonesian seaweed industry using remote sensing data. Marine Policy, 127 104431, 104431. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104431
Langford, Alexandra, Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2020). Financialising governance? State actor engagement with private finance for rural development in the Northern Territory of Australia. Research in Globalization, 2 100026, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100026
Fungal pretreatment as a sustainable and low cost option for bioethanol production from marine algae
Sulfahri, Mushlihah, Siti, Husain, Dirayah R., Langford, Alexandra and Tassakka, Asmi Citra Malina A.R. (2020). Fungal pretreatment as a sustainable and low cost option for bioethanol production from marine algae. Journal of Cleaner Production, 265 121763, 121763. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121763
Ozonolysis as an effective pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production from marine algae
Sulfahri, Mushlihah, Siti, Langford, Alexandra and Tassakka, Asmi Citra Malina A. R. (2020). Ozonolysis as an effective pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production from marine algae. BioEnergy Research, 13 (4), 1269-1279. doi: 10.1007/s12155-020-10131-w
Capitalising the farm family entrepreneur: negotiating private equity partnerships in Australia
Langford, Alexandra (2019). Capitalising the farm family entrepreneur: negotiating private equity partnerships in Australia. Australian Geographer, 50 (4), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/00049182.2019.1682320
The morphology of crystallisation of PHBV/PHBV copolymer blends
Langford, Alexandra, Chan, Clement Matthew, Pratt, Steven, Garvey, Christopher J. and Laycock, Bronwyn (2018). The morphology of crystallisation of PHBV/PHBV copolymer blends. European Polymer Journal, 112, 104-119. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.022
Levett, Ian, Birkett, Greg, Davies, Nick, Bell, Aidan, Langford, Alexandra, Laycock, Bronwyn, Lant, Paul and Pratt, Steven (2016). Techno-economic assessment of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from methane - the case for thermophilic bioprocessing. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4 (4A), 3724-3733. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2016.07.033
Laycock, Bronwyn, Arcos-Hernandez, Monica V., Langford, Alexandra, Buchanan, Jessica, Halley, Peter J., Werker, Alan, Lant, Paul A. and Pratt, Steven (2014). Thermal properties and crystallization behavior of fractionated blocky and random polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from mixed microbial cultures. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131 (19) 40836, 1-19. doi: 10.1002/app.40836
Crystallisation and fractionation of selected polyhydroxyalkanoates produced from mixed cultures
Laycock, Bronwyn, Arcos-Hernandez, Monica V., Langford, Alexandra, Pratt, Steven, Werker, Alan, Halley, Peter J. and Lant, Paul A. (2014). Crystallisation and fractionation of selected polyhydroxyalkanoates produced from mixed cultures. New Biotechnology, 31 (4), 345-356. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.05.005
Tracking farmland investment in Australia: institutional finance and the politics of data mapping
Smith, Kiah, Langford, Zannie and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2022). Tracking farmland investment in Australia: institutional finance and the politics of data mapping. International Rural Sociology Congress, Cairns, QLD, Australia, 19-22 July 2022.
Price analysis of the Indonesian seaweed industry
Langford, Alexandra , Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott and Nuryartono, Nunung (2021). Price analysis of the Indonesian seaweed industry. Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, Sydney, Australia, 8-12 February 2021. Sydney, Australia:
Opportunities in applied, transdisciplinary research on the Indonesian seaweed industry
Langford, Alexandra (2021). Opportunities in applied, transdisciplinary research on the Indonesian seaweed industry. Agri-Food Research Network Symposium, Online, 9-10 February 2021.
Writing the ‘rules of custom’: hybridisation of Indigenous and state land law in Vanuatu
Langford, Alexandra (2019). Writing the ‘rules of custom’: hybridisation of Indigenous and state land law in Vanuatu. International Anthropology and Law Symposium, Tuscon, AZ USA, 5-19 November 2019.
Assetising Indigenous land: New approaches to development from northern Australia
Langford, Alexandra , Lawrence, Geoffrey and Smith, Kiah (2019). Assetising Indigenous land: New approaches to development from northern Australia. Agri-Food XXVI: The 26th International Conference of the Agri-food Research Network, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1-4 December 2019.
Smith, Kiah, Lawrence, Geoffrey and Langford, Alexandra (2019). Mapping farmland ownership in Australia: corporate, state and institutional capital investments since 2008. XXVIII European Society for Rural Sociology Congress (ESRS2019), Trondheim, Norway, 25-28 June 2019.
Langford, Alexandra (2018). Agricultural land markets in Northern Australia: aspirations of local market mediators to reflect, create and control. 25th International Conference of the Agri-food Research Network (Agri-Food XXV), Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 2-5 December 2018.
Financialisation and the development of Northern Australia
Langford, Alexandra (2017). Financialisation and the development of Northern Australia. Agri-Food XXIV: The 24th International Conference of the Agri-food Research Network, Bandung, Indonesia, 2-5 December 2017.
Financialisation in the Northern Territory cattle industry
Langford, Alexandra (2016). Financialisation in the Northern Territory cattle industry. Agri-Food XXIII: The 23rd International Conference of the Agri-food Research Network, Adelaide, Australia, 6-9 December, 2016.
Increasing incomes in carrageenan seaweed value chains in Takalar, South Sulawesi
Komarek, Adam M., Cahyadi, Eko Ruddy, Zhang, Jing, Fariyanti, Anna, Julianto, Boedi, Arsyi, Risya, Lapong, Imran, Langford, Alexandra, Waldron, Scott A. and Grist, Madeline (2023). Increasing incomes in carrageenan seaweed value chains in Takalar, South Sulawesi. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: The Australia-Indonesia Centre.
Risti Permani, Yanti Nuraeni Muflikh, Fikri Sjahruddin, Nunung Nuryartono, Scott Waldron, Alexandra Langford and Syamsul Pasaribu (2023). The policy landscape and supply chain governance of the Indonesian seaweed industry: A focus on South Sulawesi. Caulfield East: The Australia-Indonesia Centre.
Langford, Alexandra, Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott, Siradjuddin, Irsyadi and Nuryartono, Nunung (2022, 01 14). Harga rumput laut yang fluktuatif pengaruhi Indonesia sebagai produsen terbesar dunia. Apa saja penyebabnya? The Conversation Indonesia
Indonesia is the world’s largest seaweed producer, but why are prices so volatile?
Langford, Alexandra, Zhang, Jing, Waldron, Scott, Siradjuddin, Irsyadi and Nuryartono, Nunung (2022, 01 14). Indonesia is the world’s largest seaweed producer, but why are prices so volatile? The Conversation
One Indonesian industry has boomed during the pandemic: seaweed farming
Langford, Alexandra, Hasnawati Saleh, Waldron, Scott and Sulfahri (2021, 03 15). One Indonesian industry has boomed during the pandemic: seaweed farming The Conversation
Submission to Senate Standing Committee on Economics Inquiry into foreign investment proposals
Smith, Kiah, Langford, Alexandra and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2020). Submission to Senate Standing Committee on Economics Inquiry into foreign investment proposals. Canberra, ACT: Senate Standing Committees on Economics.
Langford, Alexandra , Waldron, Scott and Sulfahri (2020, 11 27). Fleksibilitas petani menjadikan Indonesia pemain utama di pasar rumput laut global, meski masih banyak yang harus dikerjakan The Conversation Indonesia
Alexandra Langford, Scott Waldron and Sulfahri (2020, 11 21). Seaweed farmers’ flexibility makes Indonesia a major player in global markets, but there is more work to be done The Conversation
A diagnostic analysis of the South Sulawesi seaweed industry
Nunung Nuryartono, Scott Waldron, Kustiariyah Tarman, Ulfah J. Siregar, Syamsul H. Pasaribu, Alexandra Langford, Sulfahri and Muhammad Farid Dimjati Lusno (2020). A diagnostic analysis of the South Sulawesi seaweed industry. Melbourne, VIC: Australia-Indonesia Centre.
Langford, Alexandra (2020). Agri-food transformations in Northern Australia: The work of local actors in mediating financial investments. PhD Thesis, School of Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland. doi: 10.14264/uql.2020.698
Langford, Alexandra (2020). Remote natural resource-based enterprise development in Northern Australian coastal Indigenous communities. -:
Vanuatu Custom Land Management Policy Outlook
Alexandra Langford (2019). Vanuatu Custom Land Management Policy Outlook. Port Vila: Custom Land Management Office.
Smallholder market access in rural Vanuatu
Langford, Alexandra (2016). Smallholder market access in rural Vanuatu. Honours Thesis, UNE Business School, University of New England.
Crystalline Morphology Analysis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopolymers
Langford, Alexandra (2013). Crystalline Morphology Analysis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopolymers. Honours Thesis, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia.
Langford, Alexandra (2013). Environmental Impact Assessment of Stand-alone Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Rural Melanesian Communities. Honours Thesis, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland.
(2022–2023) Monash University
(2022) Monash University
(2022) Monash University
(2021–2023) Monash University
(2020) Monash University
A cold chain logistics framework for fisheries in small island regions; the case of Kei Islands in Indonesia
Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
Note for students: The possible research projects listed on this page may not be comprehensive or up to date. Always feel free to contact the staff for more information, and also with your own research ideas.
Financing for Sustainable Development
There is a global shift in development financing towards greater involvement of the private sector in the implementation of development projects. A commitment to this model was articulated in the 2015 United Nations Addis Ababa Action Agenda, which offered a ‘global framework for financing development’, designed to be a ‘means of implementation’ for the post-2015 development agenda. Rather than direct state investment in community development projects, the Agenda explicitly encouraged the use of impact investment or ‘blended value’ investment models for sustainable development, in which investments are made in enterprises which generate financial return as well as positive social and environmental impacts. It is argued that the use of private sector funds for development in this way will facilitate a shift in funding scale and offers new mechanisms for engagement the private sector in the implementation of development projects and the achievement of sustainable development goals. However, research linking the emerging global patterns of development financing with on-the-ground impacts in rural communities is still emerging, particularly in the context of rural agriculture. I am available to supervise students interested in exploring emerging trends in development financing from a range of angles, particularly using case studies from Indonesia and the Pacific islands.
Seaweed farming and rural livelihoods
Over the last two decades, seaweed farming has transformed rural livelihoods in many coastal communities across Indonesia. Driven by growing demand for carrageenan, a gelling agent used in a range of processed food, farming of carrageenan-containing seaweeds has expanded exponentially. The industry is almost completely dominated by smallholder farmers, who are able to work around seasonal and tidal variations. Seaweed farming has provided high incomes for of these farmers as it is often more profitable than fishing. However, it is also an industry characterised by risk due to the variability of ocean conditions and the impact of rainfall, which causes sudden changes in ocean salinity which often lead to widespread seaweed death – an issue which is likely to intensify with a changing climate. I am interested in supervising student wishing to explore socioeconomic dimensions of tropical seaweed farming in Indonesia and other tropical seaweed producing areas (eg. Philippines, Malaysia, Tanzania, Solomon Islands).